刚性

In market aspect,MNEs have rigidity of market crowding out,can possess market rapidly and potentially,build the bulwark of market entering,while it also has absolute advantage of brands. At the same time,they also develop a pattern of value chain of vertical specialization,by which,Chinas enterprises may have a chance to get into MNEs global value chain and acquire market room. In industry aspect,while MNEs control the industry by stock property and the advantage of brands,they provide a chance of industrial transfer and industrial linkages. Chinas enterprises could strengthen industrial linkages and achieve industrial drive by technology innovation and agglomeration effect. In technology aspect,because of the nature of MNEs technology monopoly,Chinas enterprises must face the dilemma of technology dependence,technology unadaptability and technology trap. But MNEs may also transfer technology to Chinas enterprises by competition effect,demonstration effect and cooperation effect. Moreover,Chinas enterprises could make use of MNEs investment of "oligopolistic reaction"in China to accelerate technology transfer.

在市场层面，跨国公司对中国企业具有市场挤出的刚性，市场占有速度快、潜力大，构筑市场进入壁垒，具有绝对品牌优势，但也在中国形成垂直专业化分工的价值链模式，中国企业获得链入跨国公司全球价值链，获取自身市场空间的机会；在产业层面，跨国公司借助股权安排和品牌优势实施产业控制，但也提供了产业梯度转移和产业关联的契机，中国企业可以通过技术创新和聚集效应，增强产业关联，实现产业带动；在技术层面，跨国公司出于技术垄断本性，使中国企业面临技术依赖、技术非适应性甚至技术陷阱的困境，但也通过竞争效应、示范效应、合作效应对中国企业进行技术转移，中国企业还可以利用跨国公司在华&寡占反应&投资，加速技术转移。

The steelness of cash expen diture of taxation, uncompleteness of taxation law, and the low level of tax man agement and enforcement mainly cause the loss of taxation.

税收的现金支出刚性、公民纳税意识的薄弱、税收制度本身的不完善性、较低的税收征管和执法水平都是造成我国大量税收流失的主要原因。

The contradictions of traditional military welfare system are as follows:the contradiction between unjustice of distribution and the fair principle of welfare,the contradiction between governmentalisation and socialization,the contradiction between rigidity of supply and elasticity of demand,the contradiction between marginal cost of public welfare and marginal cost of personal welfare.

传统的军队福利制度是根植于革命战争年代的供给制和传统计划经济体制，这就决定了它与现代市场经济体制、和平与发展时期军队建设的客观要求不相适应。传统军队福利制度面临的困境可以概括为&四大矛盾&：分配不公与福利公平分配的矛盾、政府化与社会化的矛盾、供给刚性与需求弹性的矛盾以及公共福利边际成本与个人福利边际成本的矛盾。

The rear bogie suspension system is treated as a 3—DOF linear model in which the tyre stiffness and its damping and unsprung masses are considered.

将平衡悬挂系统当作三自由度线性振动模型来处理，并考虑了非簧载质量和轮胎刚性与阻尼的影响。

In order to study the influence of the rigidity of unstiffened tubular joints on load-bearing behavior and structural stability,the experimental research on axial rigidity and bending rigidity of the joints was performed,in combination with the practical demands of a steel tubular constructional project.

试验结果表明，当支管与主管直径相差较多时，节点轴向刚度和抗弯刚度均较弱，节点的半刚性能对结构的受力性能尤其是整体稳定性的影响不容忽视；当支管与主管直径接近时，节点轴向刚度和抗弯刚度均较大，基本能够满足节点刚接的要求

By investigating the differences among the behaviors of sound pressure responses of four types of stiffened plates and an unstiffened one, we obtain a structural design which can effectively modify the stiffness of a plate structure and its sound radiation behavior.

透过四种加劲设计之复合材料结构板及未做加劲设计之平板的比较，探讨其声压曲线之差异以及差异产生的原因，来研究如何做出能有效提高平板结构刚性之加劲设计。

The grafting effect and mechanism was charac- terized by FTIR,The heat stability of unvulcanized and dynamical mechanical proper- ty of vulc- lcanizates of SBR and SBR-g- were tested by TG and DMA respectively. medium-resistance properties of SBR and SBR-g- vulcan- izates were also investigated.The results showed that addition of St accelerated GMA grafting onto SBR and control the decomposition of SBR. When the conditions were GMA/St/DCP was 8/4/0.3 and grafting temperature was 160℃.

结果表明，St对提高接枝率、抑制SBR的降解起到了积极的作用；SBR中聚丁二烯的α－H和双键共同参与了GMA/St熔融接枝反应；当SBR/GMA/St/DCP=100/8/4/0.3、接枝温度为160℃时，SBR的接枝率较高（23.78%），SBR–g–硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度比SBR硫化胶的分别提高了119%和27.4%；SBR–（GMA--co-St）未硫化胶的Tg比SBR未硫化胶的高，而耐热分解性能优于SBR未硫化胶；SBR–g–硫化胶在低温条件下的刚性增大、弹性降低、具有较低的内耗，在常温下的阻尼性能较高，但弹性性能保持较好；SBR–g–硫化胶的耐热稳定性以及耐非极性有机溶剂的性能优于SBR硫化胶。

Research results show that the bottom surface of the tables should rigidly be fixed with ground base, and the bottom surface of the foundation of the laser vibrometer should elastically be fixed with ground base.

结果表明，振动台基础底面应与地基刚性连接，而激光测振仪基础底面应与地基弹性连接；优化橡胶减震垫的布局可以提高激光测振仪隔震系统的稳定性。

A reasonable and simple method is proposed to calculate the active earth pressure on rigid retaining wall under nonlimit state.

针对未达到极限位移的刚性挡土墙，提出了一种简单可行的主动土压力计算方法。

But the very factors that benefit people with jobs—higher productivity and sticky wages—make prospects bleaker for those without them.

但是正是使得有工作的人收益的因素——高效率和刚性工资——使得失业者的前景更加暗淡。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。