刑罚学的

The father of modern criminal law Beccaria in On crime and punishment is also clearly stated that the death penalty system is not consistent with the nature, contrary to the principles of the social contract.

急求帮助翻译成英文，急的很啊，谢谢了现代刑法学之父贝卡里亚在《论犯罪和刑罚》中也明确提出，死刑制度不符合国家的性质，违背社会契约的原则。

Beccaria is the representative of the classical school of criminological thought. His book On Crime and Punishment, published in 1764, is a concentrated expression of his criminological ideas.

贝卡利亚是犯罪古典学派的代表人物，1764年《论犯罪与刑罚》是贝卡利亚犯罪学思想的集中体现。

Criminal policy, as a cross-subject and cross-specialty synthetic subject, exceeds the range of criminology that particularly studies crimes and criminals and also exceeds the range of penology that studies the reform, education and control of criminals. So its much difficult to research.

刑事政策学作为一门跨学科、跨专业的综合性学科，它既超越了作为纯规范科学的刑法学，也超越了专门研究犯罪现象和犯罪人的犯罪学，超越了以犯罪人的改造、矫正和治理措施为研究对象的刑罚学，因此，研究难度较大。

The booming of the modem Chinese criminal law philosophy resulted in the resurvey of dialectical relationship ofthe crime and the penalty as the regulative object of criminal law by the Chinese criminal law theoretical circle and the deep thinking about the reconstruction and consummation of the criminal law study system.

当代中国刑法哲学的勃兴，肇始于中国刑法理论界对作为刑法调整对象的犯罪与刑罚辩证关系的重新审视，以及由此而产生的对刑法学体系的改造、完善与重构问题的深入思考。

He justification theory of criminal prescription has not been paid attention in criminal taw field,which means that it is submerged in the function of criminal law.or sporadically exists in the justification theory of penalty.

犯罪规定的正当化理论在刑法学中至今仍无一席之地，犯罪规定的正当化问题或者湮没干刑法的机能之中，或者在刑罚的正当化理论中若隐若现，即使在罪刑法定主义的时代呼唤下，它也仅有微弱的回应。

Starting from the analysis of connotation, historical origin, theoretical basis, and function, the section comes to the conclusions that the major theoretical basis of the policy is economical principle and retribution penalty theory in criminal law, that the policy includes the logical relations of being lenient at the case that deserves leniency and being strict at the case that should be strict","being interdependable and complementary in leniency and punishment", and"being integrated and modest in leniency and punishment, and that in the field of value, the relationship between the two is that criminal law is directed by criminal policy; in terms of countermeasure system, criminal law is in conformity with criminal policy; in the side of specific measures, criminal law is rectified by criminal policy, hence, establishes the corresponding theoretical basis for applying the criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency to judicial practice.

该部分从宽严相济刑事政策的内涵、宽严相济刑事政策的历史发展、宽严相济刑事政策的理论根据以及宽严相济刑事政策的功能等四个方面对宽严相济刑事政策进行了解读，得出宽严相济刑事政策包含着&宽其所宽，严其所严&、&宽严相倚、宽严互补&以及&宽严交融、宽严适度&三个有机联系的方面，宽严相济刑事政策的主要理论根据是刑法学的&谦抑原则&和&刑罚报应刑论&；宽严相济刑事政策对刑事法律具有价值取向上的指导功能；对策系统上的整合功能；具体措施上校正与被校正的功能等一些结论，为更好的将宽严相济刑事政策运用到刑事司法实践中奠定了相应的理论基础。

It is of course obvious that , since murderers who would have previously been executed will now be sentenced to imprisonment as a result of the Homicide Act. a new consideration will have to be given to the question of the length of imprisonment which can be imposed consistently with our general penological notions.

14[13]当然，很明显，因为以前会被处死的谋杀犯，作为杀人法的结果，现在会被判处监禁，所以，我们必须重新考虑能被与我们的一般的刑罚学观念相一致地适用的监禁的期限的问题。

The agitation of penal reformers is not shared by psephologists, who note the tiddly numbers involved.

刑罚改革者的&激愤&并未得到选举学理论家的支持，他们注意到涉及数量微乎其微。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。