刑法典

Although the MPC combines assault and battery , at common law and in some states battery is still separate crime that simply takes assault a step further and generally requires and intentional bodily injury or an offensive touching of another .

尽管《模范刑法典》是将袭击和殴斗结合在一起的，但在普通法和许多州立法里殴斗本身也是一个独立罪名，它是袭击罪的进一步延伸，通常要求行为人是有目的地伤害他人身是有目的地伤害他人人身，或者违法的人身接触。

The change of penal code due to computer crime becomes a special phenomenon in our country.

电脑犯罪在刑法规范所历经的变动，在我国的刑法典上，成为一个特殊的现象。

"Always"之类的强调词,如: e.g.4 The Covenantor hereby undertakes to procure that the Customer will comply with all the Customer's obligations to you, the beneficiaries of this deed,but should the Customer default in the payment when due of any payment or default in complying with any other obligation, the Covenantor will, without the need for any demand, make immediate payment or performance thereof as the case may be, at the place, in the funds and currency and/or in the manner required of the Customer and without any withholding or deduction whatsoever PROVIDED ALWAYS HOWEVER that no time for limitation of liability in respect of this Deed shall begin to run in favor of the Covenantor unless and until one or both of you shall have made demand on the Covenantor, and if more than one demand is made, then only from the date and to the extent of each demand respectively.

订约人兹承诺：保证客户将履行其对贵方—即本契约之共同或单独受益人—应尽之所有义务，但是假如客户未支付任何到期的款项或未能履行任何其他义务，订约人将在无需要求的 13 情况下，在客户指定的地点，以所要求的款项及货币形式及/或付款方式，立即做出支付或履行本契约的义务，所付款项不得有任何扣留和减少。但是，除非组成贵方之一公司或两公司已经向订约人提出要求，否则有关本契约之债务时效任何时候都不得按有利于订约人一方的方式开始计算；如果贵方向订约人提出一项以上的要求，则分别按每项要求提出的日期及具体状况开始计算债务时效。 7， any person who"的引导和翻译：，""的引导和翻译：在法律条例中，尤其在各地的刑法典及条例中，"any person who does…shall be guilty of an offence 类句型重复率相当高， person who 用来指称具备一定条件之人， any 并不似 whoever 那样可泛指所有的人，此外，any person who 是个定语从句，后边可以带好几个并行成份的句子而读者读起来不感到吃力，这点也非 whoever 能比，在句法上，该句型有时会把主语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一个定语修饰词。

Therefore,the name and content of punishment of deprival of political rights should be perfected and stipulated in the crime law.

因此，应对现行刑法典中规定的剥夺政治权利的资格刑刑名和内容加以改造。

The article 353rd first section second section as well as article 354th of Chinese new penal code fascicle 1997 emendation fascicule, stipulate separately that crime of taking drugs by Tempting, inciting, cheating the others; crime of taking drugs by forcing the others as well as tolerating other people to take drugs, these three accusation are all around the implement which revolving other people in the objective aspect to take drugs or be injected narcotics. The author calls it crime of taking drugs in this paper for the three kinds crime of luring other people to take drugs or the drug-injection for others.

我国1997年修订后的新刑法典分则第三百五十三条第一款、第二款、第三百五十四条分别规定了引诱教唆、欺骗他人吸毒罪、强迫他人吸毒罪和容留他人吸毒罪，这三个罪名在客观方面都是围绕他人吸食、注射毒品而实施的，笔者在本文中把这三种针对他人吸食、注射毒品的犯罪称之为吸毒型犯罪。

Moreover,a environment without the protecting of legislation bring on a result that lots of queers cannot develop a secular and stable relationship of fere.

从另一个方面来看，成年人之间的同性性侵犯并未入罪，这也是我国刑法典当中存在的一个盲点，在行为发生后出现无法可依的情况。

This paper covers the following items of the crime of corruption: the definiens of corruption crime and the legislative evolution, the subject of corruption, the joint offender, conviction and its limits, legal sentence of corruption crime and legislative suggestions. Meanwhile, some focal points of the academic circle concerning the crime of corruption is interpreted, such as the definiens of corruption crime, conviction of the accomplice, means of calculating criminal amounts. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different, academic points of view. It is there fore necessary to redefine the crime, the act of corruption in a narrow and in broad sense. The author proposes that the criminal liability of the accomplice should be investigated under the principle of joint taking the liability, while distinguishing their respective degrees of taking the liability so as to determine their criminal liability deserving of taking. Corruption crime's legal sentence breaks the three basic principles of the Criminal Law of PRC in nature, i. e. principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime; principle of suiting responsibility, punishment to crime; principle of equality before the law.

文章论及的内容包括：贪污罪的概念和立法演变，贪污罪的主体认定，贪污罪中的共同犯罪认定，贪污罪与相关犯罪的界限，贪污罪的刑法适用及立法完善；同时文章也对现在学术界争论的焦点问题，如贪污罪的概念、贪污罪共犯认定、贪污罪中各共同犯罪人的犯罪数额的计算，进行了不同学术观点的比较，分析了各种观点的利弊，对于贪污罪的概念重新予以认识，归纳了狭义贪污罪和广义贪污罪；提出在追究共同犯罪人的刑事责任时，应坚持共同负责的原则，同时区分各共同犯罪人在共同犯罪中所起作用的大小，以确定他们应承担的刑事责任；分析了刑法典中贪污罪法定刑设置存在的不足，认为贪污罪法定刑的设置从根本上违反了刑法三大基本原则，即罪行法定原则，罪责刑相适应原则以及刑法面前人人平等的原则，而且贪污罪法定刑的设置还存在其他一些问题，如附加刑包括罚金刑和没收财产刑等设置不当。

Most offences defined by the Criminal Code are hybrid offences , which allow the prosecution to elect whether to prosecute the offence as a summary or an indictable offence.

大多数犯罪定义的刑法典是混合的罪行，使检察机关选举是否提出检控犯罪作为决或可公诉罪行。

After the simple statement of the legislative origin, the article points out the definite and concrete character of the regulation in the current Penal Code of Mongolia, and states the modem criminal law ideas reflected in current Penal Code of Mongolia as follows: humanistic principles in penalty; the reflection of theory of surplus behavior of joint offence; the definite regulation of involved offender; the definite regulation of decriminalization of a reasonable risk behavior in research and production; the no use of death penalty to the person above 60; the high extent of socialization in implementing penalty; the establishment of system of the cancellation of conviction in order to reform the criminals.

本文在简要评述蒙古刑法立法的渊源后，指出现行《蒙古固刑法典》的规定具有具体明確的特点，並讲述了现行《蒙古固刑法典》所体现的现代刑法思想：刑罚人道主羲原则；体现实行过限理论；在总则中明確规定速累犯；明確规定生產和调查研究中的合理风险行为不构成犯罪；六十岁以上的人犯罪不通用死刑；行刑社会化程度高；设立了有利於罪犯改造的前科消减制度等。

The EU enlargement commissioner, Olli Rehn, toughened an already stern line against an article in the Turkish penal code that has seen writers and intellectuals prosecuted for insulting "Turkishness"(usually, after they have raised the thorny subject of the mass killings of Armenians after the first world war).

欧盟扩大委员会委员 Olli Rneh ，强化了针对土耳其刑法典中的一项条款的强硬的路线，这个条款让刑法典的编撰者和知识界因此被指控侮辱了&土耳其语&（通常是在他们提到了一次大战后土耳其对亚美尼亚人的大屠杀之后

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷