刑法上

At the same time, laws are changed conceptually in order to meet the need of society. The changes of criminal law are clearly showed in Volume 3 in which the principle is stipulated and its spirit can be both expressed in general rules and detailed rules.1. Abolish analyzation system.

同时，法律为适应社会的需要也逐渐发生了观念上的转换，在刑法这种价值的转换，重要标志就是在第3条明确规定了罪刑法定原则，并在总则、分则条文中都体现了罪刑法定原则的精神。

Finally, the moot issue is the relation between the constitution of crime and justifiable action, and then formed two kinds of opposite viewpoints in the theory, one advocated to maintain the existing system, another viewpoint which profits from the continental law legal family and common law legal family advocated to bring the justifiable action into the system of constitution of crime to enable the system more logical.

最后，争议比较大的是犯罪构成与刑法中的正当行为的关系，在理论界形成了两种鲜明对立的观点，一是主张维持现有体系，将刑法中的正当行为放在犯罪构成之外研究，另一种观点主要是在借鉴大陆法系或是英美法系的犯罪构成理论的基础上，主张将刑法中的正当行为纳入犯罪构成体系，使犯罪构成体系更具有逻辑性。

Criminal reconciliation consist with the penalty goal in the correct sense.But criminal reconciliation can not break through the principle of "Nullum Crimen Sine Lege",and it must operate in the scope "Nullum Crimen Sine Lege".

刑事和解在应然的结果上是与刑罚的目的相一致的，但是刑事和解不能突破罪刑法定的要求，必须在刑法规定的范围之内进行运作。

The concept of informal intent crime seems conflict with the principle of nullum crimen sine lege, but there is some underlying consistence among them. The yardstick to distinguish informal intent crime should be the infringement of the legal interest.

非法定目的犯表面上与罪刑法定原则冲突，实际上却有内在的一致性，因而并不违背罪刑法定原则；法益侵害则是划定非法定目的犯的基本标准。

But,the dissimilitude between the China' s traditional culture and modern culture make the China's current criminal law culture include non一modernization factor.So,the process of modernization face dual obstacle in the spirit and regulation,now,it demonstrates a series legal culture that deviates to the civil society.

中国传统文化与现代文化在文化类型上的相异性使得中国现今刑法文化自身蕴涵着"非现代性"因素，给刑法现代化践行带来了精神品性与制度建构上的双重障碍，在目前表现为一系列与市民社会理论与实践相背离的文化特质。

This paper covers the following items of the crime of corruption: the definiens of corruption crime and the legislative evolution, the subject of corruption, the joint offender, conviction and its limits, legal sentence of corruption crime and legislative suggestions. Meanwhile, some focal points of the academic circle concerning the crime of corruption is interpreted, such as the definiens of corruption crime, conviction of the accomplice, means of calculating criminal amounts. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different, academic points of view. It is there fore necessary to redefine the crime, the act of corruption in a narrow and in broad sense. The author proposes that the criminal liability of the accomplice should be investigated under the principle of joint taking the liability, while distinguishing their respective degrees of taking the liability so as to determine their criminal liability deserving of taking. Corruption crime's legal sentence breaks the three basic principles of the Criminal Law of PRC in nature, i. e. principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime; principle of suiting responsibility, punishment to crime; principle of equality before the law.

文章论及的内容包括：贪污罪的概念和立法演变，贪污罪的主体认定，贪污罪中的共同犯罪认定，贪污罪与相关犯罪的界限，贪污罪的刑法适用及立法完善；同时文章也对现在学术界争论的焦点问题，如贪污罪的概念、贪污罪共犯认定、贪污罪中各共同犯罪人的犯罪数额的计算，进行了不同学术观点的比较，分析了各种观点的利弊，对于贪污罪的概念重新予以认识，归纳了狭义贪污罪和广义贪污罪；提出在追究共同犯罪人的刑事责任时，应坚持共同负责的原则，同时区分各共同犯罪人在共同犯罪中所起作用的大小，以确定他们应承担的刑事责任；分析了刑法典中贪污罪法定刑设置存在的不足，认为贪污罪法定刑的设置从根本上违反了刑法三大基本原则，即罪行法定原则，罪责刑相适应原则以及刑法面前人人平等的原则，而且贪污罪法定刑的设置还存在其他一些问题，如附加刑包括罚金刑和没收财产刑等设置不当。

In other words, interpretation of economic crimes should not be independent of the interpretative systems of criminal law.

一般来说，无论是经济犯罪还是普通犯罪，在刑法解释基本方法的运用和刑法解释规则的遵循上，不应有所区别。

However, since long, our country criminal law theorists to penology on "crime constitution objective important document" research attention spot, multi-deliveries in objective aspect necessary important document, namely harm behavior, harm result and behavior and in result causal relation; Regarding chooses the important document as the crime objective aspect the crime to implement the method, actually rarely has stepping.

然而，长期以来，我国刑法理论界对刑法学上的"犯罪构成客观要件"研究的关注点，多投放在客观方面的必备要件上，即危害行为、危害结果及行为与结果间的因果关系上；对于作为犯罪客观方面选择要件的犯罪的实行方式，却鲜有涉足。

This specialty of criminal law requires that independent status of ecological legitimate of criminal law must be made among legitimates of criminal law,the order of legitimates of criminal law must be adjusted at the same time.

刑法的这一法律特性要求我国在刑事立法上确立生态法益在刑法法益中的独立地位，同时对刑法法益进行重新排序。

In the face of the very grave environmental question and ecocides day by day, the mankind begins to realize that there should be involvement with regular law in the fields of people and natural relation, however, people"s ecological environmental awareness and concrete law are adjusted and only stayed on very undeveloped aspect, this kind of state reflects and protects in the criminal law of the ecological environment too, the legislative thoughts of most countries have inherited the value idea of the traditional criminal law, the traditional criminal law is regarded as the last kind of means to adjust social relationships, the target that adjust is interpersonal social relationships, the object protected by criminal law is that the people"s life , health and property are safe, it is a kind of idea of value taking human interests as the center that reflects.

面对日益深重的环境问题和生态危机，人类开始意识到在人与自然关系的领域中要有法律规则的介入，然而，人们的生态环境意识及具体的法律调整还停留在很不发达的层面上，这种状况反映在生态环境的刑法保护上更为明显，多数国家的立法思想继承了传统刑法的价值理念，传统刑法作为调整社会关系的最后一种手段，其调整的对象是人与人之间的社会关系，受刑法保护的客体是人的生命、健康和财产安全，体现的是一种以人类利益为中心的价值理念。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐