刑法

Affray Crime stipulated by Article 292 of the current Criminal Law is originated from the crime of hooliganism of Article 160 of 1979 Criminal Law.

现行刑法第292条规定的聚众斗殴罪，是从我国1979年刑法第160条规定的流氓罪中分解出来的。1997年刑法取消了流氓罪罪名，并将其分解成四个罪，其中包括聚众斗殴罪，是扰乱公共秩序罪的典型犯罪之一。

At the same time, laws are changed conceptually in order to meet the need of society. The changes of criminal law are clearly showed in Volume 3 in which the principle is stipulated and its spirit can be both expressed in general rules and detailed rules.1. Abolish analyzation system.

同时，法律为适应社会的需要也逐渐发生了观念上的转换，在刑法这种价值的转换，重要标志就是在第3条明确规定了罪刑法定原则，并在总则、分则条文中都体现了罪刑法定原则的精神。

"To seek benefit for briber" is one of elements of the crime of taking bribes according to the rules of The Criminal Law Of The People's Republic Of China, but there are deferent views on this element. This thesis argues that the element is superfluous and unnecessary and should be abolished in the elements of the crime of taking bribes.

在我国 ，刑法规定非索取性受贿罪的成立要求有"为他人谋取利益"这一要素，而刑法理论上对这一要素在犯罪构成中的地位存在着种种不同的主张，文章在对这种种主张进行分析后认为，无论采用那一种主张，都会造成一些利用职务上的便利非法收受他人财物者逃脱受贿罪的刑事责任，应从刑法的规定中去除这一要素。

The theory of "ultima ratio of penalty" is a frequent usage in the moderncriminal research, and its theory is influencing the criminal law reform step by step.

刑法的谦抑性是现代刑法研究中使用频率较高的一个用语，刑法谦抑性的理念也逐渐影响各国刑法改革措施。

Articles of criminal law are somewhat abstractive, should be interpreted. As one of kinds of interpretations of criminal law, the authoritative interpretation of criminal law should be in the scope of the literal meaning.

刑法的规定都具有一定的抽象性，需要进行解释，作为刑法解释的一种，刑法有权解释应当在刑法用语的范围内进杆，而不能超越其用语的最大射程。

Second, change of circumstances requires the adjustment of the criminal punishment. In fact, there were complex reasons for the appearance of high crimes. It is apodictic for the increase of social situation and the criminal reality, and with the deeper recognition of the value of punishment, it is necessary to review and modify 1979 Criminal Law, based on the Principle of Balance Between Crime and Punishment.

随着社会形势的发展及犯罪状况的变化以及人们对刑罚价值认识的深化，要求对79年刑法及单行刑法进行疏理、修改，修改刑法的一个重要方面就是要按照罪刑均衡原则的要求实现刑罚轻缓化，然而97年刑法对《决定》中规定的传授犯罪方法罪的法定刑几乎未作任何变动，仍规定了死刑，这使该罪法定刑设置违背了罪刑均衡原则也与我国限制死刑政策不符。

Therefore , The Justified acts system can limit the start of state' s penalty power and protect inculpable people from being prosecuted .

保护社会利益和保障人权是现代刑法的两大基本功能，而在刑法的各项原则、制度中，以罪刑法定原则和正当事由制度所具有的人权保论刑法中正当事由的非犯罪化根据障功能最直接、最显著。

In the face of the very grave environmental question and ecocides day by day, the mankind begins to realize that there should be involvement with regular law in the fields of people and natural relation, however, people"s ecological environmental awareness and concrete law are adjusted and only stayed on very undeveloped aspect, this kind of state reflects and protects in the criminal law of the ecological environment too, the legislative thoughts of most countries have inherited the value idea of the traditional criminal law, the traditional criminal law is regarded as the last kind of means to adjust social relationships, the target that adjust is interpersonal social relationships, the object protected by criminal law is that the people"s life , health and property are safe, it is a kind of idea of value taking human interests as the center that reflects.

面对日益深重的环境问题和生态危机，人类开始意识到在人与自然关系的领域中要有法律规则的介入，然而，人们的生态环境意识及具体的法律调整还停留在很不发达的层面上，这种状况反映在生态环境的刑法保护上更为明显，多数国家的立法思想继承了传统刑法的价值理念，传统刑法作为调整社会关系的最后一种手段，其调整的对象是人与人之间的社会关系，受刑法保护的客体是人的生命、健康和财产安全，体现的是一种以人类利益为中心的价值理念。

Settlement beginning to get involved in criminal law to the environmental problem, still only regard the peoples interests as the protection target of criminal law, without the interests of the nature. It have caused the traditional awkward situation to the ecocides that criminal law should, so it become inevitable as the formulation adjusting the economical criminal law of people and natural relation.

当刑法开始介入对环境问题的解决，仍然只将人的利益作为刑法保护对象，而将自然的利益排除在外，造成了传统刑法应对生态危机的窘境，因此，作为调整人与自然关系的生态刑法的产生成为必然。

In the end, this essay demonstrates the authorizing function of informal interpretation and evolvement between informal interpretation and formal interpretation. Author divides informal interpretation into criminal jurisprudence interpretation, quasi-criminal judicature interpretation and formal interpretation by formal authorization institute and makes a detail demonstration on varieties of mechanism of how to exert the influence of authorized organ to effect interpretation and its application.

本论文的最后对非正式刑法解释的权威作用以及非正式解释和正式解释之间的演变作为论证，作者将非正式刑法解释区分为刑法学理解释、准刑事司法解释和正式权力机构的非正式解释三类，并对其如何发挥权威影响从而对刑法解释及其适用产生效果的不同机制进行了详细的论证。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。