刑法

This thesis discussed the relationship between the theory of social harmfulness and the principle of nullum crimen sine lege, the realization of substantial rationality and modesty spirit of criminal law, and come to a conclusion that the theory of social harmfulness is inevitable and necessary.

本文从社会危害性理论与罪刑法定原则的关系、刑法实质合理性价值的实现及刑法的谦抑精神的实现三个方面论证了社会危害性理论在现代刑法理论和实践中存在必然性和必要性，同时针对理论界对社会危害性理论的责难做出了部分回应。

With study on ultimate differences of immoral behavior, common misconduct and the crime, and according to the criterion of deciding a crime and punishment by laws, the essential characteristics of a crime in Criminal Law is the prohibition of crimina...

而从刑法作为行为规范和裁判规范的特点来看，从贯彻罪刑法定原则的要求出发，从不道德行为，一般违法行为与犯罪行为的根本区别上考察，刑法意义上的犯罪的本质特征只能是刑法规范禁止性。

The unit the crime question mainly lies in two aspects: First, the theory explained how the question namely will produce in the UK-US legal system criminal law practice question and the mainland legal system criminal law theory is coordinated, specifically speaking, how is the unit in the crime question and the mainland legal system criminal law by the natural person crime the question which is coordinated for the premise penology theory.

单位犯罪的问题主要在于两个方面：其一，理论解释问题即如何将产生于英美法系刑法实践的问题与大陆法系的刑法理论相协调，具体而言，就是如何将单位犯罪问题与大陆法系刑法中以自然人犯罪为前提的刑法理论相协调的问题。

On the basis of that, one of the important contents of this article is to study the basic principle of criminal law in eye of comparison, meaning detecting all characteristics of criminal law principle by comparison of the basic principle of criminal law to that of constitution and that of civil law, and further checking the old and newly-coming concept of basic principle of criminal law, trying to prepare checking methods for the possibly

以此为阶，本文的一个重要内容即是以比较的眼光对刑法基本原则进行研究，即从刑法基本原则与宪法基本原则以及刑法基本原则与民法基本原则的对比分析中找出刑法基本原则的各方面特性，以此进一步检验已有的及新近的提法，并力求对以后刑法基本原则可能出现的提法准备辨认手段。

On the basis of that, one of the importantcontents of this article is to study the basic principle of criminallaw in eye of comparison, meaning detecting all characteristics ofcriminal law principle by comparison of the basic principle of criminallaw to that of constitution and that of civil law, and further checkingthe old and newly-coming concept of basic principle of criminal law,trying to prepare checking methods for the possibly coming concept ofbasic principle of criminal law in future.

以此为阶，本文的一个重要内容即是以比较的眼光对刑法基本原则进行研究，即从刑法基本原则与宪法基本原则以及刑法基本原则与民法基本原则的对比分析中找出刑法基本原则的各方面特性，以此进一步检验已有的及新近的提法，并力求对以后刑法基本原则可能出现的提法准备辨认手段。

Inside the criminal law, the punishability can link the theory of crime and that of punishment; and outside the criminal law, the punishability can connect the criminal law with the criminal policy. In view of this, the punishability should be given an independent position in the theory of crime, i.

可罚性在刑法之内可以起到联结犯罪论与刑罚论的桥梁作用，能够有效地缓和犯罪论与刑罚论的紧张关系，平衡罪与刑的矛盾和脱节；在刑法之外可以起到刑法与刑事政策的沟通节点的效果，减轻刑法与刑事政策不同步性所造成的立法与司法损耗，是立法者根据某种刑法以外的公共政策目的例外地设置的犯罪成立要素。

The booming of the modem Chinese criminal law philosophy resulted in the resurvey of dialectical relationship ofthe crime and the penalty as the regulative object of criminal law by the Chinese criminal law theoretical circle and the deep thinking about the reconstruction and consummation of the criminal law study system.

当代中国刑法哲学的勃兴，肇始于中国刑法理论界对作为刑法调整对象的犯罪与刑罚辩证关系的重新审视，以及由此而产生的对刑法学体系的改造、完善与重构问题的深入思考。

Compared with the corresponding article in the 1979 criminal code, the provision of article 88 is a disadvantage for the defendant. This is also because the crimes before the entry into force of the criminal code shall be subject to prosecution under the provisions of Section 8, Chapter IV of the general provisions of this law. Namely, this provision affirms retroaction of limitations of prosecution. If an act committed by a defendant under provision article 88, that has exceeded the period of limitations of the prosecution, it may inflict criminal responsibility.

刑法第88条的规定与1979年刑法的相关条文相比，一定程度上恶化了被告人的利益，同时，由于刑法第12条对新刑法生效以前实施的犯罪行为"依照本法总则第四章第八节的规定"判断是否应当追诉，肯定了第四章第八节追诉时效的溯及力，如果被告人的行为符合第88条的规定，即使依照旧刑法，已经超过追诉时效的，也可以追究刑事责任。

In the field of criminal jurisprudence,there is a viewpoint that according to the provisions about retroactivity,it can be directly inferred that criminal legislative interpretation and judicial interpretation must also follow the principle of "observing old laws and light punishment",or the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime would be violated.

我国刑法学界有观点认为，依照刑法关于溯及力的规定，能够直接推论出，刑法立法解释和司法解释也必须遵循"从旧兼从轻"的原则，否则便违反罪刑法定原则。

The intrinsic paradox of the ethical criminal law externalizes as theoperating principles of the legislation and judicature,which makes us findnot only the shadow of the principles"accusing a crime according to law"and"punishment fits to the crime"which are considered as the soul ofmodern criminal law,but also the elements of feudal criminal law such as"condemning according to the motive of the accused person","same crimedifferent penalty".

伦理刑法的内在矛盾外化为刑事立法与司法的运行原则，从而使我们在伦理刑法的实践中既看到了罪刑法定、罪刑相应等可以称为近现代刑法灵魂的原则的影子，也可以看到原心论罪、同罪异罚等封建刑法的因素。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。