刑事的

Author analyses the cost, benefit and efficiency in detail, and comes to three conclusions: first, the aim is to get the minimal cost from the sum of direct cost and erroneous cost in economy; second, the highest point exists when marginal cost crosses marginal revenue; third, the design of the minimal cost in criminal summary procedure system must insist three principles: punctual, brief and justice.

在这一部分中，笔者通过对刑事简易程序进行成本分析、收益分析以及效率分析得出了三个重要的结论：一是从经济学的角度看，刑事简易程序的目的就是要使直接成本和错误成本之和最小化；二是刑事简易程序成本投入的最佳水平是其边际成本与边际收益相交的均衡点；三是为了实现成本的最小化，在设计刑事简易程序制度时应当坚持三个原则——及时原则、精简原则和最低公正原则。

The reform of criminal justice should go beyond the narrow view of sole reform of criminal procedure,gradually restructuring the system of criminal mechanism into a double-track one with unifying coordination,fine mutualization,mutually supplement of functions and joined procedure well supporting each other.

改革我国刑事司法，应跨越单纯改革刑事诉讼程序的狭隘思路，对刑事司法机制进行重塑，逐步建立统一协调、良性互动、功能互补、程序衔接、彼此支持的双轨制，以更好地解决犯罪问题。

The criminal pretrial procedure is very important during all criminal procedure because it is the base of all procedures.

刑事审前程序在整个刑事诉讼中居于十分重要的地位，它是刑事诉讼全过程的基础和前提。

A great number of private prosecution cases still need go through the three steps including investigation, prosecution and trial. Thus, the idea of justice and efficiency pursued bythe judiciary is too far from the actual practice on the light crimes in China. It is quite necessary, therefore, to absorb the rational factors in foreign criminal proceeding institutions on solving the light crime cases into the provisions on private prosecution in Chinas criminal proceeding law, and promote the application in judicial practice, and finally perfect and renovate them in the level of institution design.Establishment of reconciliation cesser secta axiom.

综上，虽然我国刑诉法及相关解释规定了8类轻微刑事案件可以自诉，但在实践中由于种种原因，真正通过自诉的途径解决的案件却微乎其微，大量的可以自诉的轻微犯罪案件仍需经过侦查、起诉、审判三道程序来终结，司法所追求的公正和效率的理念与我国现行对轻微犯罪的规制实践相去甚远，因此，在现有的法律框架内，参照我国刑事诉讼法关于自诉程序的规定，吸收国外刑事诉讼制度中解决轻微刑事案件诉讼效率的合理因素，在司法实践中加以倡导适用、在制度设计上加以完善创新是很有必要：确立和解终结诉讼原则。

In the 10th rule of Chinese criminal law, approbating negatively the regulation of foreign criminal judgment is not reasonable, which can be presented as follows: first, violating the developing tendency of modern law of nations; second, unfavorable for assuring fully the rights of criminal defendants; third, making a contradiction between the content of Chinese human right convention and the practice of international criminal judicature assistance; forth, bringing about the unnecessary debating and doubt a...

我国刑法第10条对外国刑事判决消极承认的规定，一则不符合国家主权权利部分让渡的当代国际法发展趋势；二则不利于充分保障刑事被告人的权利；三则与我国即将批准的人权公约内容以及我国正在开展的国际刑事司法协助实践相矛盾；四则造成了累犯司法认定上不必要的争论与困惑；五则未能迎合对外国刑事判决效力由完全否认至消极承认再至积极承认的世界立法潮流。

It not only impacts the change of the System of Criminal Evidence;in larges the scope of criminal evidence,makes more and more non—natural things into the view of criminal evidence;but also provides new means for collecting and preserving the criminal evidence.while makes a new challenge on this.

科技影响了刑事证据制度的变迁；扩大了刑事证据的范围，使越来越多的非61然物进入证据之列；对于收集、固定和保全刑事证据，既提供了新的手段，也提出了新的挑战；同时对于刑事证据的采信规则也产生了影响。

Second, the age of criminal responsibility that Book card The defendant and the testimony of a witness statement Identification Conclusion Did not investigate the sub-case treatment Thrid, the relative age of criminal responsibility, the scope of the criminal responsibility of people The new Criminal Code of the problem Solution Fourth, our country regarding the relevant provisions of the new Penal Code of the existence of the problem and the feasibility of the proposed Which provides that the offense charged and related accommodate the problem Whether the crime of rape, including the crime of rape girl Robbery and robbery of firearms, ammunition, explosives offense Drug trafficking and smuggling, transporting and manufacturing drugs The charges of non-statutory aggravating circumstances of the crime that contains the above-mentioned statutory deal with criminal acts Rape and the crime of trafficking in women and children Intentional homicide and kidnapping Solution Keywords: Age of criminal responsibility; juvenile crime; age identified; the scope of duty; existence questions and suggestions

二、刑事责任年龄的认定（1）书证（2）被告人供述及证人证言（3）鉴定结论（4）未查清的分情况处理三、相对负刑事责任年龄人的刑事责任范围（1）新刑法规定中的问题（2）解决途径四、关于我国新刑法相关规定存在的问题及可行性的建议该款规定的罪名与相关罪名的包容问题（1）强奸罪是否包括奸淫幼女罪（2）抢劫罪与抢劫枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪（3）贩卖毒品罪与走私、运输、制造毒品罪非该款法定罪名的犯罪的加重情节包含上述法定犯罪行为的处理（1）强奸罪与拐卖妇女儿童罪（2）故意杀人罪与绑架罪解决途径关键词：刑事责任年龄；未成年人犯罪；年龄认定；责任范围；存在问题及建议

Criminal evidence open system is one of basic criminal evidence systems that the modern criminal law of worldwide nations set up.

刑事证据开示制度是世界各国现代刑事诉讼法所确立的基本刑事证据制度之一。

The series of tragic genocide events occurred in former Yugoslavia and Ruanda after the collapse of Cold-war order has accelerated the establishment of ICC. Particularly, the practices in international criminal trial of ICTY and ICTR formed a huge contribution in enhancing the theories of international criminal law either in substantive laws and procedural laws aspects; as this matter, this article intends to discuss the trend of Bargaining.

战秩序瓦解后发生在前南斯夫、安达等境内一惨绝人寰的种族清洗事件，除促使国际刑事法院的设外，前南斯夫特别国际刑事法庭、安达特别国际刑事法庭的国际刑事审判实务，对於国际刑法的深化，无在实体法或是在程序法上，皆具有重大的贡献。

As an important rule of modern criminal procedure, the Principle against Double Jeopardy is holding in many coutries's procedural law as well as in the international convention on criminal justice, it also play an important role in criminal proceedings.

摘 要：一事不再理原则是刑事诉讼中的重要原则，其在各国以及国际刑事司法公约中都有体现，在刑事诉讼中作用巨大。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。