刑事

The principle of prohibiting disbenefit alteration is adopted universally in the criminal prosecution worldwide today, known as the principle of non-adding penalty in appealing in China.

摘要禁止不利益变更原则是当今世界各国刑事诉讼中普遍采用的一项重要原则，在我国刑事诉讼中表现为上诉不加刑原则。

Since public prosecutors have the authority to investigate all kinds of crimes, they often conduct their own investigation before the police with regard to crimes such as tax evasions, special intellectual crimes, and criminal cases involving civil or commercial affairs, when they deem it necessary.

由于公共检察官有权调查各种刑事案件，当他们认为有必要时，他们经常在警方之前进行自己关于逃税、特殊的罪行、刑事案件的民事或商事的调查。

Some problems faced in police enforcing practice of criminal law Were exposed with positive analysis approach such as interviews, survey and study, in theory, this paper tries to probe into the both special topics of the reform of criminal investigative system and police appearing in court as a witness which have been focused on in common, meanwhile, make a initial dissecting on the both powers of police organizations criminal enforcement and administrative implementation which exist side by side and inters...

近年来随着我国刑事司法改革的推进，审前程序的完善也逐步提上了改革的日程并引起越来越多的学者的关注，司法实践部门也相继推出了若干改革措施。笔者也一直关注着中国的审前程序改革，在思考问题的过程中深感刑事司法改革中警察的缺席是一大缺憾，发现、分析警察改革中的诸多问

Because of its historical tradition, policemen's overall qualities and occupational integrity , lacunas in our penal policy and criminal litigation system, idealistic reason and the reasons in the judicial practice , inquisition by torture has been existed in our country for a long time, and it is very difficult to be abolished.

本文采用实证调查和逻辑推理的方法，对我国司法实践中刑讯逼供的现状和危害进行了阐述，从历史传统观念、司法工作人员综合素质和职业操守、刑事政策和刑事诉讼制度缺陷和司法实践方面分析了刑讯逼供屡禁不止的原因。

But in our country, the application of the criminalsummery procedure is not popular and has got into a single and stagnated state. So, the authorof this article looks forward to establishing many-faceted summary procedure model toimprove the degrees of the democracy and the civilization of our country's criminalprocedure.

而在我国，刑事简易程序的适用率并不高，已陷入单一化、停滞化的状态，因此，笔者为了使中国刑事诉讼的民主与文明水平有所提高，力图建立多元化的简易程序模式。

The controversies result in different verdicts of similar cases.

争议颇大的刑事理论导致了刑事司法实践案件的处理不一。

The first part mainly compares Romano-Germanic family with Anglo-American law system and explores the mingling trend of the two systems.

首先对大陆法系和英美法系的刑事侦查体制模式进行比较分析，既看到它们的区别，更看到它们的共同点，并探讨了两大法系刑事侦查体制相互融合的发展趋势。

Among the Western developed countries . no matter the countries with Romano-Germanic family or the countries with Anglo-American law system have the different legal tradition and thought. But in criminal judicature organizational reform, specially in criminal investigation system reform they faced the almost same questions and they adopted some reform measures and the similar procedure system.

西方发达国家，不论是大陆法系国家，还是英美法系国家虽然有着不同的法律传统和法律思想，但是在刑事司法体制改革，特别是刑事侦查体制改革上，面对的几乎是相同的问题，而且采取了一些近乎相同的改革措施和类似的程序制度。

The orientation of value of national rights in Chinese criminal law protection is the fundamental cause why the criminal legislation and administration of justice pay little attention to the protection of obligees interests, and crimes related to intellectual property become more and more.

我国知识产权刑事保护的国家权利本位价值取向是导致刑事立法和司法对权利人利益的保护非常薄弱、知识产权犯罪在我国日益猖獗的根本原因。

In the third section, after the analysis of the present station, the author point out the problems of the criminal legal aid system in China.

第三部分笔者把目光放回国内，在简要介绍我国刑事法律援助的立法及实施情况后，重点探讨了我国刑事法律援助在立法及实践中存在的问题，并对产生这些问题的原因作了分析。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。