刑事

Third, the analysis to the content and constitute of the rule of efficient criminal evidence in China. The material contents of the rule of criminal evidence in national law include three parts: the rule of achieving evidence and the rule of providing evidence and the rule of affirming evidence. In this part, through the assay of the content and composing of the rule of criminal evidence, the penman expounds the shortage of current law in China.

比找国刑事证据制度本部分通过对刑事诉讼证据制度内容构成分析，指出我国现行关于刑事诉讼证据法律规定的不足之处；四、我国现行刑事证据制度的改革和完善；分析我国现行刑事证据制度的不足，针对刑事审判的实际，提出几点改革和完善的意见：设立污点证人'制度；确立非法证据有限排除规则；完善证人出庭制度。

This article intends to analyze the VOR and explore the possible application procedure based on the current criminal judicial practice including the condition precedent, application scope, application condition, supervision, and advocate VOR in the criminal litigation of the country, in order to protect the legitimate rights of both the criminal and victim to the maxim extent, save the nation's judicial resource and promote the harmonious sociality.

本文主要试图通过对刑事和解的理论分析，结合我国刑事司法实践，对刑事和解制度适用的具体程序，包括适用前提、适用范围、适用条件、法律监督等进行初步探索，力图倡导在我国刑事诉讼过程中全面推行刑事和解制度，以最大限度的保障刑事案件被害人、加害人的合法权益，节约国家司法资源，体现社会和谐。

The military investigation system is the total rule concerned with the nature, duty, organization, active principles and work regulations of the investigation which guided by the national and military law. It is a special part of the national criminal investigation system and the content that criminalistics should research too.

军队刑事侦查制度是指由国家法律和有关军事法规规定的，军队刑事侦查机关的性质、任务、组织体系、活动原则及具体工作规则等方面规范的总称，它是国家刑事侦查制度的一个特殊组成部分，也是刑事侦查学研究的内容之一。

According to the tendency,it is necessary to ameliorate our criminal evidence system and to establish the preclusive regulation of the illegal evidence,in orde to reinforce the protection of the every citizen's rights.and the preclusive of the illegal evidence has effects on the equality of controlling the crime and guaranteeing the human rights,and the value's tendency of entity's verity of the criminal judicature and procedural legitimation ,and the balance of the conflict of country's power and the civil rights,ang also the achivement of the procicute's purpose.

根据这一趋势，有必要完善我国刑事证据制度，建立起非法证据排除规则，以加强刑事诉讼中对公民个人权利的保护。其中，刑事非法证据的排除问题，关涉控制犯罪与保障人权的并重，关涉刑事司法实体真实与程序正当的价值趋向，关涉国家权力与公民权利冲突的权衡，以及刑事诉讼目的的实现。

The application of the criminal mediation in China has its own justifications:the theory of constructing a harmony society and our criminal justice policy of"co-adjustment of leniency and rigorism"provide it with the theoretical and policy basis;criminal mediation meets the need of our current judicial reality.and it is the effctive way to realize all the interests at best.to eliminate the contradictions among the people,and to resolve the problem of judiclal resources restraint in China:criminal mediation is not only advocated by the United Nations,but also a fashion widely applied in different countries;criminal mediation does not contradict the traditional criminal,justice rationales;instead,it reflects the trend of resolving criminal cases in a diverse way,and our pursuit of diverse values.

刑事和解在我国的适用，具有正当性基础，具体表现在：构建和谐社会理论和宽严相济为刑事和解正当性提供了理论依据和政策基础，刑事和解有助于和谐社会的构建，有利于贯彻宽严相济刑事司法政策；刑事和解是我国司法现实的需要。是实现利益兼得、有效化解矛盾、解决司法资源紧缺问题的重要途径，也是联合国所提倡的，各国通行的解决刑事纠纷的方式之一；刑事和解与传统刑事司法理论并不相悖，体现了解决刑事案件方式的多元化和价值追求的多元化。

Section three, entitled the criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency and improvement of procedural law, puts forward, under the guidance of our countrys criminal policy which emphasizes crime control, the difficulties in carrying out, in criminal procedure law, the function of protecting human rights, the vainness of the limited regulations of rights in prodecural law under the guidance of basic criminal policy, and the nominal state of procedural law.

通过这些方面的完善，让刑事实体法更好的体现宽严相济的刑事政策。第三部分题为宽严相济刑事政策对我国刑事程序法的指导。该部分提出在我国一贯重犯罪控制的刑事政策的指导下，刑事诉讼法中人权保护的空间难以有效打开，许多基本刑事政策使程序法中有限的权利规则处于虚置状态，使程序法名存实亡。

The difference between western culture and eastern culture makethe their social environments different. The western is inclined to issue-resolve, law culture,individual value, which makes traditional accusatorial action ecology go on and on; theeastern is inclined to no dispute, person-administration and nation-dominant, which formsthe Chinese CA ecology characterized with inquisitorial elements, especially the formationof the absolute power leads the random of the CA.

东方文化与西方文化的巨大差异使得刑事诉讼生态随着社会环境的变迁转换的进度与程度的极大差异性，西方的好讼观念、法治文化、个人本位价值观使得西方刑事诉讼生态的弹劾成份在一个相当长的历史时期得以维续；东方社会尤其是中国的无讼意识、人治文化和家国本位价值观使得刑事诉讼生态很早就形成了纠问成份特别浓厚的刑事诉讼生态，尤其是绝对王权的形成导致刑事诉讼极大依附特性与权力的相当恣意性。

The surviveand development of CA law system can not leave the certain material life condition andcertain production pattern, so, different CA ecology reflects different economy foundation: Traditional accusatorial action based on the ethics order is co-related with the originaleconomy ecology; Traditional inquisitorial action based on the administrative order isco-related with developed cultural economy ecology. The difference of western economyecology and eastern economy ecology leads to the different genes though them faced thesame traditional inquisitorial action. The modern CA based on the law order lies on thedeveloped commercial economy, the mature market economy and modern citizen societybring about the modern CA ecology whose task is resolve the action contradiction withration.

刑事诉讼法律制度的生存和发展同样不能离开特定社会的物质生活条件，生产力水平与生产方式等条件，因此，不同的刑事诉讼生态反映的是完全不同的经济基础：以伦理秩序为特征的弹劾式诉讼与原始经济生态密不可分；而以行政秩序为特征的纠问式诉讼与较为发达的农业经济生态互为依存，当然也正是由于西方封建经济生态与东方社会封建经济生态的巨大差异导致同样的纠问式诉讼孕育着不同的系统突变基因；以法律秩序为特征的现代刑事诉讼则立基于高度发达的商品经济生态基础之上，比较成熟的市场经济环境和现代市民社会的形成不断地催生着以理性解决严重刑事冲突的现代刑事诉讼生态。

Starting from the analysis of connotation, historical origin, theoretical basis, and function, the section comes to the conclusions that the major theoretical basis of the policy is economical principle and retribution penalty theory in criminal law, that the policy includes the logical relations of being lenient at the case that deserves leniency and being strict at the case that should be strict","being interdependable and complementary in leniency and punishment", and"being integrated and modest in leniency and punishment, and that in the field of value, the relationship between the two is that criminal law is directed by criminal policy; in terms of countermeasure system, criminal law is in conformity with criminal policy; in the side of specific measures, criminal law is rectified by criminal policy, hence, establishes the corresponding theoretical basis for applying the criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency to judicial practice.

该部分从宽严相济刑事政策的内涵、宽严相济刑事政策的历史发展、宽严相济刑事政策的理论根据以及宽严相济刑事政策的功能等四个方面对宽严相济刑事政策进行了解读，得出宽严相济刑事政策包含着&宽其所宽，严其所严&、&宽严相倚、宽严互补&以及&宽严交融、宽严适度&三个有机联系的方面，宽严相济刑事政策的主要理论根据是刑法学的&谦抑原则&和&刑罚报应刑论&；宽严相济刑事政策对刑事法律具有价值取向上的指导功能；对策系统上的整合功能；具体措施上校正与被校正的功能等一些结论，为更好的将宽严相济刑事政策运用到刑事司法实践中奠定了相应的理论基础。

With the statistical data analysis method, according to the Criminal lawsuits with civil lawsuits attached of some railway transportation intermediate court during 3 years, in my dissertation I commented on the actuality of the institution of the Chinese Criminal with civil lawsuit attached ,revealed many problems of this institution during judicial practice and moused out the reasons from the following 3 sides, judicial concept, legislation and judges' quality. Also, I analised the value and legitimacy

本文运用统计数据分析的方法，从某铁路运输中级法院近三年多来办理的刑事附带民事诉讼案件入手，总体上评价了我国刑事附带民事诉讼制度的现状，揭示了该制度在司法实践存在的诸多问题，从司法理念、立法和法官素质层面探询了原因，分析了刑事附带民事诉讼制度的价值及其存在的合理性，明确了刑事附带民事诉讼制度的法律性质、特征、原则，从保护当事人诉讼权利、实体权利出发，为进一步完善刑事附带民事诉讼制度提出了具有建设性的意见。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。