切线的

This paper first summarizes recent researches on this topic, and then proposes some methods for curve modeling with cubic algebraic curve based on pure geometric constraints that involve control points, tangent directions and curvatures.

然后提出了一种基于几何约束的三次代数曲线的插值方法，该方法完全通过几何量如控制顶点、切线和曲率来控制三次代数曲线的形状，使得对三次代数曲线的编辑与对三次 B-样条曲线的编辑一样灵活方便。

Step 6 shows how the strokes' strength lies inward from the contact spot, as an arc to a tangent, and that head-on contact creates a right angle against the ball's flight line, 6B.

图7G。第6课展示了击球的力量来源于从触球点的内旋，是球切线上的一道弧线，迎头碰撞与球的飞行路线产生正确的角度， 6B。

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

"F" is the distance between point P' and the tangent to the concave area in the maximum point of concavity measured in projection view on the plane of symmetry Y.

"f"为在对称面Y上的投影视图上测量的点P'和最大凹状点上的对凹入区域的切线之间的距离。

Part four will prove the following 4 theorems : theorem 1 :the curvature and torsion of the locus of foot point of the perpendicular line between the origin and the tangent line of the cylindrical spiral remains to be function t , but not trigonometric function t .

第四部分证明四个定理分别为定理1 由坐标系原点至圆柱螺线的切线所引垂线的垂足的轨迹曲率和挠率仍为t的函数，但不是t的三角函数。

Theorem 4 it is not the path of integral but the points and in the locus L that affects the line integral of locus L of foot point of the perpendicular line between the origin and the tangent line of the cylindrical spiral .several corollaries are derived from the theorems mentioned above.

定理4 势量场沿由坐标原点至圆柱螺线的切线所引垂线的垂足轨迹L的线积分与积分路径无关，只与轨迹L上的取的端点与有关。并由以上定理得到了几个推论。

The following values was measured: angle of cusp line between the second and third molar, impact state and depth, distance from Rickett's Xi to distal cusp of third mandibular molar along the occlusal plane, anterior border of ramus to the third mandibular molar, distance from projection of distal contact point of maxillary third molar to intersection of pterygoid vertical on occlusal plane.The change between pre-and post-treatment was calculated and analyzed with SPSS10.0 software package.α angle, Xi-LTM, R-LTM, R-LTM were tested with independent-sample t test, impact state and depth was tested with Chi-square test. Influence of age on the values was also evaluated.

测量治疗前后的第二、第三磨牙牙尖连线角度、阻生状态和深度，Rickett's Xi点到下颌第三磨牙远中尖距离、下颌支前缘到第三磨牙远中尖距离、翼上颌裂切线到上颌第三磨牙后缘的距离及上、下磨牙的前移量，计算治疗前后各变量的差值，采用SPSS10.0软件包进行统计学分析，α角、Xi-LTM、R-LTM、R-LTM用t检验，阻生状态和深度用χ^2检验，比较年龄因素对各指标的影响。

According to road designing data of mileage,coordinate,azimuth angle of tangent or straight line,curve radius,the length of spiral line from main point of curve or straight line starting point,we can calculate the coordinates of center line points and boundary line point s in any form of road under the same coordinate system.

根据线路设计资料提供的曲线主点里程、坐标、切线方位角、曲线半径、缓和曲线长度的已知数据，计算出任意线形的中桩、边桩在线路统一坐标系中的坐标，利用全站仪极坐标放样程序，以线路附近的控制点或加密点为测站，准确、快速放样各点。

Though such experience seen only tangentially related to the requirements of public schooling , the teachers firmly believed that these experiences were what were appropriate for young children.

讲到公众学校教育的需求的只有切线地被见到的虽然如此的经验，老师坚固相信这些经验是适合年轻的孩子东西。

Screen analysis method is adopted in 《CB/T 2481.1-1998》(or CB/T 2481.1-2009),《CB/T 9258.2-2000》 and 《CB/T 6406-1996》, according to which the "grain size" means the longest distance between two opposite tan gents of the grain projection on the screen.

GB/T2481.l-1998》（或GB/T2481.l-2009）、《GB/T9258.2-2000》、《GB/T6406-1996》采用筛分法测粒度，测得的&粒度&实际上是颗粒在筛面上的投影相距最远的两对边切线间的距离。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。