切向分量

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Contributions of the centripetal acceleration in steady flight, the tangential acceleration due to the effect of the angular acceleration, the Coriolis component of acceleration, the radial (the vertical direction at prototype), circumferential and axial (the two horizontal directions at prototype) shaking effects and the elongation effect of the centrifuge arm to the global acceleration of a particle in centrifuge modelling are identified in the expression of the global acceleration.

笔者描述了整体加速度表达式中各项的物理意义，指出了离心机稳定运转时的向心加速度、由角加速度效应引起的切向加速度、互补加速度分量、径向、环向和轴向振动效应以及离心机臂伸长效应对整体加速度的贡献。

The analytic expressions for the displacement components and stresses at any point of an infinite micropolar orthotropic elastic medium with an overlying elastic half space as a result of moving inclined load of arbitrary orientation were obtained.

在无限大微极正交各向异性弹性介质上覆盖弹性介质的弹性半空间的任意点上，作用着任意方向倾斜的移动荷载，给出了位移分量和应力的解析表达式·假设倾斜荷载是法向荷载和切向荷载的线性组合·利用Fourier变换采用特征值方法，并利用数值技术反演了Fourier变换·给出了铝环氧树脂复合材料的数值结果图形

One component has the direction tangent to the path of this point, pointed in the same sense of angular acceleration of this body, and is called the tangential acceleration.

一个分量方向与该点的轨迹相切，指向与该物体的角加速度的方向相同，叫做切向加速度。

Based on the rigorous analysis of the kinetic process of both primary and secondary electrons, the related surface charges were analyzed, and the energy gain of emitted electrons was proportional to the square of the ratio between the tangential and normal component of electric field. In this process, the image force of mirror charges would result in an energy loss. Meanwhile, the effect of field alternation of power frequency ac voltage on electron movement could be ignored.

在前人工作的基础上，进一步严格推导了场致一次发射电子和二次电子的运动方程，分析了电子发射引起的绝缘材料表面带电，表明电子发射后的能量增益正比于场强的切向与法向分量比值 F /// F ^的二次方；同时考虑了在电子发射和运动过程中电荷镜像力的作用，并探讨了交流电压下表面带电的情形，认为当考虑电荷镜像力的作用时，电子的能量增益可能变小，而工频交流电压下电场交变对电子运动的影响可以忽略。

Using Hwa-Lien and Wu-Feng-Shan radar data set respectively, the mean tangential wind component of Nock-Ten has been retrieved by original GBVTD method. It is found that the retrieved maximum mean tangential wind from HL is 14 m s-1 less than that solved by WFS data set. This large difference has been attributed to significant mean wind component perpendicular to the line connecting the radar and the typhoon center.

利用五分山和花莲雷达观测资料，分别透过GBVTD计算其轴对称切向风，结果显示，两座雷达计算之轴对称切向风最大值相差达14 m s-1，而这样的差异可归因於纳坦台风平均风垂直雷达观测分量较为显著所造成。

The theory of accretion disks are important for many astrophysical phenomena, including Quasars, active galatic nucleic, X-ray binary stars, and young stellar objects. The most important branch of accretion djsk theory is the stability properties of djsks. It is widely considered that the luminosity variations of various astronomical objects are associated with the instability of accretion disk. The viscosity plays an important role in the accretion disk theory, and magnetic field exists commonly in astronomical phenomena. A more realistic analysis of the stabihty of the accretion disk should include both the radjal and azimuthal perturbations because of the strong shear of viscous flow.In this paper, according to the luminosity Variations of Various astronomical objects, we study the radial-azimuthal instability of an isothermal with magnetic field. We find that the radial and azimuthal fields B〓,B〓 are mainly responsible for enhancing the instability of the magneto-acoustic modes and non-axisymmetric modes,and that pulsational oscillations are larger in the radial than in the Z direction. The model may be useful in explaining the periodic light variation of FU orionis and. T Tauri stars.

在许多天体物理现象中，例如活动星系核，X-射线双星和年青的恒星理论中，吸积盘理论起着重要的作用，而吸积盘理论中的一个重要分支是吸积盘的不稳定性理论，普遍认为活动天体的周期，准周期光变现象与吸积盘的不稳定性有关，在吸积盘理论中，粘滞起着重要的作用，而磁场是天体物理中普遍存在的现象，对于几何薄吸积盘不稳定性分析，由于强剪切流的缘故，应该包括径向和环向扰动两个方面，本文结合天体物理中的各种周期，准周期光变现象，研究了含磁场的等温薄吸积盘的径向-环向振荡不稳定性，结果表明：磁场的径向和环向分量对磁声模和非轴对称模的不稳定性的增加起着主要的作用，且径向振荡大于轴向振荡，所得结果有利于解释FU Orionis和T Tauri Stars的周期光变现象。

A single D-shaped toroidal field magnet coil will be tested for large and expensive magnets systems before assembling them in the toroidal configuration.

超导磁体中变化的磁场被分解切向和法向两个分量，通过将超导线分为适当单元可求出磁场两个分量产生的涡流损耗。

Both a dipping boundary and anisotropy can cause significant energy in the transverse component of receiver functions.

倾斜界面与各向异性介质均可使接收函数的切向分量产生明显的能量。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。