切口

Another is the transverse incision, the so-called cosmetic incision without suture removal, the incision, such as one month followed by the best supporter, because of the premature sideways incision is easy to use bellyband crowded open incision is not conducive to wound healing.

另外一种是横切口，所谓不用拆线的美容切口，这种切口最好等满月后再用腹带，因为切口是横着的过早用腹带容易把切口挤开，不利于伤口愈合。

objective:to investigate the present situation and features of infection of incisional wound after sesarean section,so as to find the best method in the diagnosis and prevention of incisional infection.methods:the patients undergoing cesarean section were investigated retrospectively for studying the basic features of incisional infection after operation.results:of 13798 investigated parturients after cesarean section,96 were found with the infection of incisional wound accounting for 0.7%.the main symptom was distending pain or jumping pain on the site of incision,the emergence time of symptom in major cases(78.13%) was 4 to 7 days after operation.the local therapy including drainage,ultraviolet rays or infrared rays irradiation and ultrashort wave therapy was the main method in concert with antibiotic treatment and support therapy.the antibiotic therapy was changeable,and albumin intromission was the main method in the general support therapy.

目的：了解剖宫产手术切口感染的现状特点，分析其感染原因，便于临床上更好的诊断和预防切口感染。方法：采用回顾性调查方法，研究剖宫产切口感染的基本特征。结果：调查产妇13 798例，其中切口感染96例，感染率0.7％，症状主要表现为切口胀痛、跳痛，78.13％出现在术后4～7天，57例产妇伴有发热，占59.38％；感染后治疗主要是局部治疗配合抗生素治疗、支持治疗，局部治疗以引流、紫外线或红外线照射、超短波疗法为主，抗生素的使用比较混乱，全身支持治疗以输入白蛋白为主。

Results: In 8 patients, the tumor was removed by abdominal median incision and 7 by abdominal right L-shape incision, 5 by left dorsolumbar flap incision, 3 by left abdominothoracic incision, 12 by intercostal incision 8 at 10th rib and 4 at 11th rib.

结果：行腹部正中切口8例，腹部右侧L形切口7例；左侧腹部胸膜外胸腹联合切口5例，左侧胸腹联合切口3例；肋间切口12例，其中第10肋间切口8例，11肋间切口4例。

Methods Design two incisions at canthus, one is short and horizontal just at the new point of canthus, the other is along eyelid fold about 5～4mm away from the short one. Transverse the horizontal incision into vertical by breaking or excising fibromuscular band under epicanthal skin and fixing canthus ligment on the lateral nasal aponeurosis.

在新内眦点处设计一小横切口，而重睑切口近内眦与横切口不贯通，保留切口之间的皮肤5～4mm，充分离断或去除部分眼轮匝肌、内眦韧带内向固定，切口经张力变形转向后，去除下部多余的三角形皮肤，将两切口间保留的皮肤整理埋入重睑皱褶内。

Results:Out of the nine tuberculose patients,six healed after second operation,one sinus formation,two died.Out of the two disruption of wound,one was re-sutured and healed,the other healed after a long term of dressing changing.Seven infectious incision were controlled within one month.Out of the nine cerebrospinal fluid fistulae,eight were cured conservatively,only one spinal meninges was repaired.One epidural hematoma was cleared and made a good healing.Out of the two mold infection,one was cured after focal clearing,the other developed to chronic recurrent sinusitis.Four patients with sore healed after decompression.The other eight patients (four by hemostasis narcotic,two by liquefied fat,two by dermal allergic papular eczema) had good healing after intra-red therapy.

结果：9例结核患者再次手术后6例愈合，1例窦道形成，2例死亡；切口裂开2例中1例经切口再缝合愈合良好，另1例经10个月长期换药切口愈合；7例切口感染者均在1个月内控制感染；9例脑脊液漏，其中8例经保守治疗愈合，1例行脑脊膜再次修补术；1例硬膜外血肿清除后愈合良好；霉菌感染2例，其中1例经病灶清除后切口愈合，另1例演变成复发性窦道炎；4例压疮去除压迫后溃疡愈合；另外8例切口延迟愈合者中止血水引起者4例，脂肪液化2例，皮肤过敏2例，均经红外线照射后切口愈合。

The operation of appendicitis perforation with diffuse peritonitis by McBurney incisions had the merit of little scar, secluding, slight pain, fast recovery and fewer incidence rate of pulmonary infection, incisions infectious, incisional hernia, as long as master, So, the operation of treatment appendicitis perforation with diffuse peritonitis by McBurney was much better than by righ middle abdomen paramedian incisions.

经麦氏切口手术治疗阑尾炎穿孔合并弥漫性腹膜炎，具有术后疤痕相对较小、隐蔽，术后疼痛较轻，恢复较快、肺部感染、切口感染、切口病发生率较低等优点，只要掌握指征并合理地作好围手术期处理，经麦氏切口手术治疗阑尾炎穿孔合并弥漫性腹膜炎总体效果明显优于经右中腹旁正中切口。

Results The operation of treatment appendicitis perforation with diffuse peritonitis by McBurney incisions whose incisions pain disappeared quickly, intestine function recoveried fast, length of stay was short, scar was little and secluding, the complication of abdominal cavitywas residual abscess was only 0.7% higher than operation by righ middle abdomen paramedian incisions, but incisions infectious rate reduced 2.19%, pulmonary infection and pulmonary atelectasis decreased 1.50%, incisional hernia incidence rate cut down 1.50%, adhesion of intestine after operation was no difference between two groups.

结果 经麦氏切口手术治疗阑尾炎穿孔合并弥漫性腹膜炎组切口痛消失时间短，肠功能恢复快，住院时间短，疤痕小且隐蔽，在并发症中腹腔残余脓肿发生率较经右中腹旁正中切口仅高出0.70%，术后发生肠粘连无差异；而较经右中腹旁正中切口，感染率降低2.19%，肺部感染、肺不张发生率降低1.50%，切口疝发生率降低1.50%。

Methods Superior partial median sternotomy,inferior partial median sternotomy,right parasternal approach,left parasternal approach,right anterolaterial minor thoracotomy,left anterolaterial minor thoracotomy,and minor median thoracotomy was imitated on twelve adult cadavers.

在12具成人尸体上模拟上半部分胸骨劈开切口、下半部分胸骨劈开切口、右侧胸骨旁切口、左侧胸骨旁切口、右前外侧小切口、左前外侧小切口以及正中小切口。

Results:the incision complications of the 31 cases,include incision infection(12 cases),subincision fluid(11 cases),incision dehiscence(1 case),incision bleeding(1 case),subcutaneous congestion and hematoma(1 case),incisional hernia(2 cases), incision tumor implantation(1 case),and incision hyperplasia scar (2 cases).conclusions:it is important to prevent incision complications of lc from occuring by strict asepsis,reasonable incision selection,careful and standard technical operation,well anaesthetic coordination and resonable postoperotive treatment.

回顾1 650例lc发生切口并发症31例的临床资料。结果：31例中切口感染12例，切口下积液11例，切口裂开1例，切口出血1例，皮下淤血及血肿1例，切口疝2例，切口肿瘤种植1例，增殖性瘢痕2例。结论：严格的无菌技术，恰当的切口选择，细致和规范的技术操作，良好的麻醉配合和合理的术后处理是预防lc切口并发症的重要措施。

The first one is approach difference. More than 90% Chinese patients prefer to accept infra-axillary approach for they thought that the incision scar is unobvious. But western patients prefer to accept peri-areola approach and seldom accept infra-axillary approach. For they thought that they like to expose their infra-axillary and then the scar would be found more often.

切口选择：中国求美者大部分约90%愿意选用腋下切口，觉得腋下切口隐蔽；而西方求美者大多选用乳晕切口，很少用腋下切口，因为西方人穿着比较暴露，腋下暴露的机会比较多，会让人看到手术痕迹。2。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。