切下

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

A theoretical model for calculating the cutting angle with different crystal planes, orientations and tool orthogonal rakes are described in this paper. It is built with the ultra-precision cutting model by the principle of the maximum specific energy of shear deformation and the mechanism of change of the shear modulus with...

本文利用剪切变形比能最大及单晶材料不同晶面晶向剪切弹性模量不同的原理，结合超精密切削模型，从理论上计算出不同晶面、不同晶向及不同刀具前角超精密切削条件下的剪切角，得到其在不同切削条件下的变化规律，并由此解释了切削加工中由KDP晶体各向异性所导致的工件表面粗糙度的各向异性。

The shear modulus or modulus of rigidity describes an object's tendency to shear (the deformation of shape at constant volume) when acted upon by opposing forces; it is defined as shear stress over shear strain.

剪切模量或刚度模量，描述了一个物体在反力作用下的受剪切程度；它被定义为剪切应变下的剪切应力。

As a result of the manner, contact 5J intrude the press paper and cut paper relay coil loop, even though the operation hands holding down the button, the paper cutting paper cutting knife will not stop at the nizh, the highest position for the next cut paper.

因5J的常开触点串入了压纸和切纸继电器线圈回路，即使操作者双手按住切纸按钮，切纸刀也不会下切，停止在最高位置，为下一次切纸作准备。

Three kinds of cutting material were selected to machine stainless steel machining experiment such as ceramic cutting tools, cermets cutting tools and coated carbide cutting tools, in which the best range of each kind of tool material was founded. For example, LT55 was suitable to be machine lCrl8Ni9Ti as the cutting speed surpasses 120m/min and have a good wearable property.(3) Surface roughness was measured under different cutting conditions. Feed rate played the most important role in impacting surface roughness, and then cutting speed.(4) Chip patterns in different cutting speed with various cutting materials were analyzed. With the increase of turning speed, chip became shorter and was easy to be broken. For instance, serration chip appeared in high sped turning stainless steel with LT55;(5) Work hardening of austenitic stainless steel was analyzed.

陶瓷刀具LT55适合在Vc=120m/min以上切削加工不锈钢，耐磨性好；③通过试验研究了不同刀具材料高速车削加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢时的表面粗糙度，其中进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最为显著，其次为切削速度；④分析了不同刀具材料在不同切削速度下加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的切屑形态，随着车削速度的提高，切屑变短且易断屑，其中LT55陶瓷刀具切削加工时产生了锯齿状切屑；⑤分析了奥氏体不锈钢的加工硬化机理及其对刀具磨损的影响；⑥根据试验结果分析在不同切削条件下切削不锈钢的刀具磨损形式及其磨损机理。

As the results, the ultra-thin films of 500SN and hexadecane exhibited nonlinear shearing response, which was different from that of the Newtonian fluids in their bulk state.

结果表明：在超薄膜润滑条件下，5 0 0 SN和十六烷均表现出明显的非牛顿剪切响应，即剪切稀释现象；摩擦力幅值随剪切速度的增大急剧上升到最大值，然后下降至某一固定值附近并产生波动；剪切挤压下的临界膜厚小于静态挤压的临界膜厚，剪切运动对吸附层有序结构产生破坏作用

Gravure press is not discharge on down during the mode of production, the per-color business card printing and membership card after harvest cylindrical insertreleased, offline after the subject with a single eyefor a cross-cutting machine rolled business card printing and membership card making for easier and more precise printing long broken sected collection, and then set the broken sected collected leaflets business card printing and membership card making products in spinons convex, indentation, die-cutting, waste, collection, testing, packaging; business card printing and membership card making products for stamping or compact label positioning easy-care, and the increase in the operation, the disadvantage is that the above process, the operation covers an area of large plant, to make more, and sometimes the drum to the materials offline operation in cross-cutting precision |interrupted Zhang superstandard, it will be a large number of categorizing people and a large area of the workspace.

凹印机是采用上料下料不停机的生产方式，进行逐色制卡和会员卡制作后收成卷筒状取下，离线后通过一台识标横切机把卷状制卡和会员卡制作品以单幅印长断切收集，再将断切收集来的单张制卡和会员卡制作品进行棘凸、压痕、模切、剔废、收集、检验、包装；制卡和会员卡制作品如需要烫金或镭射标定位烫，还需增加工序，以上工艺缺点是工序多，占地面积大，使用机台多、人员多，有时卷筒印材离线作业在横切过程中断张精度超标，还需大量的分检人员和大面积的工作空间。

In this way,after the viscosity or apparent viscosity of virgin crude,corresponding unsheared PPD-beneficiated crude and the sheared PPD-beneficiated crude at a certain temperature are determined,the parameters in the model can be calculated.

按照此方法，只须测定一定温度下空白原油的粘度或表观粘度、未剪切时加剂原油的粘度或表观粘度，及在某一个剪切温度下及某一个粘性流动熵产条件下原油的粘度或表观粘度，即可近似确定该数学模型中的参数，从而预测在不同温度时剪切后的原油在该温度下的粘度或表观粘度。

Paper cutting, press 1A and 6A cutter button, press paper is electro-suck-4J relay, hydrauliclifting press paper companies to xiazhuang paper, in a certain degree, pressure switch 5XK simultameous, cutter contactor 1 c through to magnetic clutch (doesn't draw), Cutter knife nizh.

切纸时，按下1A和6A切纸按钮，压纸继电器4J得电吸合，控制液压压纸机构向下压纸，在压紧一定程度时，压力开关5XK闭合，切纸接触器1C接通电磁离合器，切纸刀下切。

Turn the deck face-down. Slip-cut the top jack into the deck and get a break above it as you place the rest of the deck on it. Execute a riffle-force so you can force the spectator the jack. Ask them to hold on to the jack and as they're doing that, flip the bottom card over do a half-pass with the bottom half of the deck.

这时把观众手中的那张Jack拿过来任意插在下半段面向上的牌里（译者注释：这样就已经有两张Jack于下半段牌面相反了）现在用大拇指break最上面的那张Jack，用double-undercut（两段式切牌+将顶牌移至牌底）把刚才break的那张Jack切到最下面，注意在这个两段式切牌中，第一次切处必须在上半段牌中，这样可以保证观众以为所有的牌至今还都是面全朝下的，第二次切，就是把剩余的那上半段（除去你要移至底部的那张Jack）再切上去。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了