切

It is found that two shear modulus are different and two shear strength are almost equal. The reason of differences between three point bending modulus and four point bending modulus is also analyzed.

在剪切试验中发现两种剪切试验的剪切模量相差较大，但由于两种剪切的破坏面相同，所以剪切强度相差不大。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

Based on a series of shear creep tests of discontinuous plane with regular dentation,the relationship between shear creep and different normal stress,shear stress,and slope ratio is obtained.

文章在规则齿形结构面剪切蠕变试验的基础上，分析了剪切蠕变随不同的爬坡角、正应力和剪应力的影响，拟合了剪切蠕变曲线，并将拟合的方程与Burgers模型的本构方程进行了比较分析，讨论了Burgers模型中剪切模量、粘滞系数的变化规律及其影响因素，取得了较为理想的结论，为结构面剪切蠕变本构方程的建立提出了较为合理简便的方法。

Vacuum was satisfied to the requirement of fresh-cut taro package and benefit to reduce water loss and to inhibit browning. The treatment of insufflate fresh-cut broccoli with 20mg·L-1 6-BA could delay chlorophyll reduction, inhibit ion leakage increasing and slow down the process of senescence. Fresh-cut broccoli packed with the atmosphere combination of 2.5%O2+7%CO2+90.5%N2 had high Vc and high chlorophyll content, and the senescence of the products was delayed certainly. The gas mixture of 5%O2+ 2%CO2+93%N2 could reduce the rate of respiration, chlorophyll decomposition, membrane breakdown and tissue senescence of pakchoi.

真空包装适合鲜切芋头，降低贮藏中鲜切芋头的水分损失，抑制鲜切芋头褐变发生；用20mg·L~(-1)6-BA喷洒鲜切青花菜可推迟叶绿素降解，抑制相对电导率的增加，延缓了衰老；2.5％O_2+7％CO_2+90.5％N_2MAP包装的鲜切青花菜Vc含量较高，叶绿素荧光值也较大，明显延缓了鲜切青花菜的衰老：5％O_2+2％CO_2+93％N_2混合气体抑制了青菜的呼吸作用，降低了叶绿素降解速度，减缓了细胞膜损伤及组织衰老程度。

The reasons why quarter-sawn board of Larch had smaller wet compressing shear strength than flat-sawn board of Larch for repeatedly boiling samples were as follows: first of all, antiswelling efficiency between springwood and summerwood of Larch was different; secondly, pits of Larch had great effect on this aspect.

造成桦木反复煮沸压缩剪切强度径切板的比弦切板的要大的主要原因是在弦切面木射线是被横断的，因此，在弦面上留下射线管胞的孔隙，在反复煮沸时这些孔隙成为了水分的通道，因而使桦木反复煮沸压缩剪切强度径切板的比弦切板的要大。

Similarly, if the strong shear, which could suppress all the scattering in the quiescent two phase region, stopped, the follow-up phase separation also displayed characteristics of anisotropism and relaxation, In this dissertation, the transposed"butterfly'and"streakpattern were observed for the first time within the shear-history-influenced phase separation, which is found closely relevant to the anisotropical relaxation behavior of macromolecules. 5. The phase separation kinetics of PS/PVME under oscillatory shear was further studied on the base of that done under simple shear. It is found that, under specific temperature and strain amplitude, the occurrence of phase separation is strongly contingent on oscillatory frequency and only intermediate frequency could effectively induce phase separation; If all considered oscillatory shear could stimulate phase separation, a fixed frequency can maintain specific most probable phase size and higher frequency yields smaller phase, which makes a higher elasticity but weaker stress relaxation; Furthermore, higher frequency can produces stronger compulsory oscillation on the MPPS but won't change the mean of the MPPS. Under given frequency and strain amplitude, the phase separation kinetics dramatically depends on the phase angle of oscillation and the phase separation corresponding to different phase angle follows different dynamical process.

在简单剪切场下相分离动力学研究的基础上进一步对振动剪切场下PS／PVME的相分离动力力学进行了尝试性的研究，发现：在一定温度和振幅条件下，相分离的发生强烈的依赖于振动频率，只有中等频率的振动剪切才能有效地促进相分离的发生；在都能使相分离发生的前提下，一定频率的剪切能够使体系维持一定的最可几相尺寸，较高频率的剪切导致体系形成的相区尺寸较小，因而体系的弹性效应较强而应力松弛效应较弱；同时，更高频率的剪切对最可几相尺寸的强迫振动效应越强，但不会使最可几相尺寸的平均值发生改变；在一定的振幅和频率条件下，相分离的动力学过程会强烈地依赖于相位角，不同相位角对应的相分离遵循不同的动力学过程但机理一样。

Chicken IL-15(ChIL-15), Which was discovered in 2001, plays a main role in activating NK cells and CD8+ memory T cells, and may therefore have potential as a vaccine adjuvant.According to published ChIL-15 gene sequence, a pair of primers were designed and synthesized to clone ChIL-15 cDNA from ConA-activated chicken splenocytes by RT-PCR. Recombinant plasmid pUC19ChIL-15 carrying the ChIL-15 gene was constructed. The gene encoding mature ChIL-15 (mChIL-15) was amplified from pUC19ChIL-15 by PCR and cloned into pMD 18-T vector. After digested with Kpn I /Pst I , the mChIL-15 gene was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pPRoEX橦Ta and transformed into E.coli DH5a .The transformant was induced by IPTG, and the recombinant ChIL-15(rChIL-15) was expressed as a fusion protein with a histidine hexamer tag at the N-terminal end of the protein. Following expression, the protein was purified by ProBond?Nickel-Chelating Resin. The uninduced and induced protein lysates and the purified protein were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane to identify rChIL-15 by Western blot. The rChIL-15 was used to immune the guinea pig to obtain rChIL-15 polyclonal antibody.

参考已发表的ChIL-15基因序列，设计合成引物，应用RT-PCR技术从刀豆球蛋白A活化的白来航鸡脾淋巴细胞中克隆ChIL-15 cDNA，将其与SmalⅠ酶切处理的pUC19载体连接，构建重组质粒pUC19ChIL-15；用PCR技术从pUC19ChIL-15中扩增出去信号肽的成熟ChIL-15(mChIL-15)基因，与pMD 18-T载体相连构建重组质粒pMDChIL-15；然后用KpnⅠ／PstⅠ双酶切下mChIL-15基因片段，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的带有6个组氨酸标签的表达载体pP_RoEX~HTa中，构建重组质粒pP_RoChIL-15，对其测序确认读框正确后，转入大肠杆菌DH5α中诱导表达并进行纯化，用重组ChIL-15(rChIL-15)免疫豚鼠，制备多克隆抗体；再用HindⅢ／PstⅠ从质粒pP_RoChIL-15上切下mChIL-15基因，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的杆状病毒转移载体pMelBacB中，经酶切、PCR和序列测定鉴定后，与杆状病毒线形化DNABac-N-Blue~(TM DNA共转染Sf9昆虫细胞，经三轮蚀斑纯化，构建重组杆状病毒rBac-ChIL-15，用该重组病毒感染处于对数生长期的Sf9细胞，按不同的时间收取样品，离心后对其上清和沉淀进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。

Results: Within 13 cases of CINⅠdegree diagnosed of pathologic histology with vaginoscope, 9 cases were coincident with the result of conization of cervix, the pathologic degree of 3 cases increased after the operation and 1 case decreased; within 46 cases of CINⅡ degree diagnosed of pathologic histologh with vaginoscope, 27 cases were coincident with the result of coization of cervix, the pathologic degree of 7 cases increased after the operation and 10 cases decreased.

结果：13例阴道镜活检病理为CINⅠ级病例中，9例与宫颈锥切术病理相符，3例宫颈锥切术后病理级别上升，1例病理级别下降；46例阴道镜活检病理CINⅡ级病例中，27例与宫颈锥切病理相符，7例宫颈锥切病理级别上升，12例病理级别下降；42例阴道镜活检病理为CINⅢ级病例中，25例与宫颈锥切病理相符，7例宫颈锥切病理级别上升，10例病理级别下降。

Turn the deck face-down. Slip-cut the top jack into the deck and get a break above it as you place the rest of the deck on it. Execute a riffle-force so you can force the spectator the jack. Ask them to hold on to the jack and as they're doing that, flip the bottom card over do a half-pass with the bottom half of the deck.

这时把观众手中的那张Jack拿过来任意插在下半段面向上的牌里（译者注释：这样就已经有两张Jack于下半段牌面相反了）现在用大拇指break最上面的那张Jack，用double-undercut（两段式切牌+将顶牌移至牌底）把刚才break的那张Jack切到最下面，注意在这个两段式切牌中，第一次切处必须在上半段牌中，这样可以保证观众以为所有的牌至今还都是面全朝下的，第二次切，就是把剩余的那上半段（除去你要移至底部的那张Jack）再切上去。

The defect of traditional round wood peeling machine and the basic reason of uneven thickness of non-center peeling were analyzed.

首先分析了传统有卡圆木单板旋切机的缺陷和圆木无卡单板旋切机存在旋切单板厚度不均的根本原因；介绍了圆木无卡单板旋切的基本原理，提出利用单片机作为控制系统，以提高圆木无卡旋切机的控制精度和灵活调整旋切单板厚度。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。