切

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

Yet for thickness shear actuators, due to the shear deformation dominates the plate deflection for shear actuation mechanism, the higher order shear theory can provide more accurate evaluation of the shear strain energy of the plate than the first-order o

但对于厚度剪切型激励器而言，由于激励器主要是引起板的剪切变形，而高阶剪切变形理论比一阶剪切变形理论能更好地反映结构的剪切应变能，因此高阶剪切变形理论可以提供板变形的更为精确的解。

So it does, the natural teaching field should transcend the identicalness, limitation, thinking and utility, the relationship between teachers and students in natural teaching should turn from subjectivity (including inter-subjectivity) to otherness, the art of natural teaching should transcend the aesthetic, useful, creative and explosive characters, and the language of natural teaching should transfer from the instrumental language in the sense of epistemology to the poetical language in the sense of existential-ontology.

正因为如此，德性教学场域就要超切同一、超切有限、超切思维、超切功利，德性教学中的师生关系就要由主体性转变为他者性，德性教学艺术就要超切审美、超切有用、超切创造、超切消解，德性教学语言就要由认识论意义上的工具性语言转变为生存论意义上的诗性语言。

Select high-quality die-cutting tool to be considered depending on the die-cutting materials of munltivariable and gaofeng and gaofeng coilia, short peaks can cut thin paper knife and cut thick paper, you can use the automatic single die-cutting, it may be used at the same time cutting two or three sheets of paper-a set of die-cutting, use a wide range.

选择优质的模切刀时应注意根据所模切材料的厚薄而选择高峰刀及矮峰刀，高峰刀既可以切薄纸又可以切厚纸，既可以用在单张的自动模切机上，又可以用在同时模切二、三张纸的手摇模切机上，使用范围很广。

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

Because the strength of springwood was very low, the strength of board which included more springwood was low. The main reason why there was no difference in wet compressing shear strength between quarter-sawn board and flat-sawn board was that quarter-sawn board had a lot of pits on radial cell wall and in flat-sawn board xylary rays were transversely cut and left a lot of pores which provided a kind of tunnels for water.

造成柞木径切板的反复煮沸压缩剪切强度与弦切板的反复煮沸压缩剪切强度没有显著性差别的主要原因是柞木细胞壁径面上的纹孔很多，而弦面上的木射线在经刨削后是横断的，留下许多孔隙，这使得弦径向均有成为水分通道的孔隙，造成柞木径切板的反复煮沸压缩剪切强度与弦切板没有显著性差别。

All of the 58 restriction endonucleases were used to investigate the mtDNA diversity. Four restriction endonucleases, DraⅠ、SnaBⅠ、SspⅠ and Vsp Ⅰ, were polymorphic. Based on presence or absence of the the 215〓 SspⅠ site, all of the 13 mtDNA sequences were divided into two groups.

利用DNAClub软件对AT富集区和tRNA〓基因的DNA序列进行了模拟酶切，所有的58种内切酶中有10种内切酶在13个材料中有酶切位点，仅4种酶DraⅠ、SnaBⅠ、SspⅠ和VspⅠ表现出多态性，且主要位点差异在于SspⅠ酶切位点的有无（序列的第215位的C/T）。12个品种中有4个品种（豫早1号、豫早2号、鲁红、33）没有此酶切位点，另外8个品种有此酶切位点，野柞蚕也没有此酶切位点。

Machinery blade: Paper blade, the paper knife, the paper single-pole/double-throw, from top to bottom at cutting knives, cutting knife, cut the knife, slice lamb, knives, scissors disc roller, Slitting points of the knife, bearing knives, cutting carved round Knife, knife lap, multi-bladed knife ring, copper foil crop knives, cutting board, knives, razor blades Jianban, rolling blade, cut steel knife, smash the plastic knives, Qieli knives, Qieli hob, closure at the end of knife, Bag of knives, razor blades Chongjian plane, flying scissors films, scraper, Bodao series, Gangdao tungsten film, clipart blade, the blade three holes, Qiebu knife, knife tooth, like cloth Caidao, non-standard blade may be set System.

机械刀片有：切纸刀片，分纸刀，分纸单刀，分切上下刀，切光刀，切管刀，羊肉切片刀，圆盘滚剪刀，纵剪分条刀，轴承刀，切刻圆刀，光刀圈，多刃刀圈，铜箔裁切刀，线路板裁切刀，剪板刀片，轧钢刀片，钢筋剪断刀，塑料粉碎刀，切粒刀，切粒滚刀，底封刀，制袋机刀，冲剪机刀片，飞剪刀片，刮刀，薄刀系列，钨钢刀片，美工刀片，三孔刀片，切布刀，齿形刀，样布裁刀等，非标刀片可定制。

Main: QieGao machine powders machine, Press cake machine stirred sugar machine, The machine cut fruit machine; hemp Cut fruit machine flowers sugar slicing machine, Cut fruit machine, flowers sugar slicing machine, Flowers YunPianGao slice machine equipment, sugar, YunPianGao equipment ShaQiMa equipment, ShaQiMa cut fruit machine equipment, Oil jing fruit machine, QieGao machine, ShaQiMa chop machine, ShaQiMa slitter, Oil jing fruit machine, The syrup machine, Peanut candy machine, Press cake machines, Peanut candy section machine, Sesame slice machine, YunPianGao slice equipment, The temporary food machinery

主营：切糕机擦粉机；压糕机搅糖机；上麻机切果机；切果机米花糖切片机；切果机，米花糖切片机；米花糖切片机云片糕设备；云片糕设备沙琪玛设备；沙琪玛设备切果机；油京果成型机；切糕机；沙琪玛切块机；沙琪玛切条机；油京果机；上糖浆机；花生糖切片机；压糕机；花生糖切块机；芝麻片切片机；云片糕切片设备；陈诚食品机械厂

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。