分裂球

We also confirmed in this paper that it is injected somatic cells but not broken cytoplasm formed multi blastomere through mitosis in the reconstructed embryos.

在本实验中还通过用DNA染料（Hoechst-33342）对核移植体进行染色的方法，对融合后成纤维细胞在核移植体内不同时间的运行及发育模式进行了观察，确认了是成纤维细胞经有丝分裂形成多个卵裂球而不是由于细胞质碎裂形成的两个或多个碎块。

Use of a "cloning" procedure known as "artifical twinning" or "blastomere splitting" to create several genetically identical embryos from one, so long as the resulting embryos are experimented on and discarded instead of being transferred to the womb.

使用"克隆"程序称为"人工配对"或"卵裂球分裂"制造基因相同的胚胎数由一、只要是试行并导致胚胎被丢弃而不移送的子宫。

The spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum.

桑椹胚形成于囊胚之前且处于胚胎期内的球形裂球群，由受精卵细胞的分裂而成

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cyto-plasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methy-lation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribu-tion of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastcysts fellowed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro.After fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos was very high as well as two-cell diploid embryos in vivo.Then the embryos was rapiddly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus fused completely.After that, the DNA methylation levels of fused embryos were gradually increased until the blastocysts stage.However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation was established in an vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than in the trophectoderm, in most vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在囊胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Sowe selected the colchicine optimum parameters were 0.6μg/ml and 6 hour culturedduration.The second, there were no significantly differences between the four groupsin 2 hour groups; and there were significantly differences between 0.2μg/ml groups and other three groups in 4 hour groups; and there were no significantlydifferences between the four groups in 6 hour groups; and there were significantlydifferences between 0.4μg/ml groups and other three groups in 8 hour groups onthe metaphases (P＜0.05), in the experiment of the effect on the mouse 8-cellembryo stage single blastomere of colchicine with different concentrations andduration by x~2 statistical analysis.

根据实验的实际情况，适宜制备小鼠4-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球染色体标本的秋水仙素的处理浓度和时间是0.6μg／ml和6小时。2、在确定秋水仙素不同处理浓度和时间对小鼠8-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球中期分裂相数影响的实验中，经统计分析，阻断培养2小时组中四个浓度组差异均不显著；阻断培养4小时组中0.2μg／ml浓度组与其他三组差异显著；阻断培养6小时组中四个浓度组差异均不显著；阻断培养8小时组中0.4μg／ml浓度组与其他三组差异显著(P＜0.05)。

So we selected thevinblastine optimum parameters were 0.1μg/ml and 8 hour cultured duration.The fourth, there were significantly differences percent between 10 hourgroups and other three groups in 0.1μg/ml groups; and there were no significantlydifferences between 8 hour groups and 10 hour groups, but they had significantlydifferences among other two groups in 0.3μg/ml groups; and there weresignificantly differences between 10 hour groups and other three hour groups in0.5μg/ml groups; and there were significantly differences between 10 hour groupsand other three groups in 0.7μg/ml groups on the metaphases (P＜0.05), in theexperiment of the effect on the mouse 8- cell embryo stage single blastomere ofvinblastine with different concentrations and duration, by x~2 statistical analysis.

根据实验的实际情况，适宜制备小鼠4-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球染色体标本的长春花碱的处理浓度和时间是0.1μg／ml和8小时。4、在确定长春花碱不同处理浓度和时间对小鼠8-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球中期分裂相数影响的实验中，经统计分析，阻断培养0.1μg／ml浓度组中10小时组与其他三组差异显著；阻断培养0.3μg／ml浓度组中8小时组和10小时组间差异不显著，但与其他两组差异显著；阻断培养0.5μg／ml浓度组中10小时组与其他三组差异显著；阻断培养0.7μg／ml浓度组中10小时组与其他三组差异显著(P＜0.05)。

So we selected the colchicine optimumparameters were 0.2μg/ml and 6 hour cultured duration.The third, there were significantly differences percent between 10 hourgroups and other three groups (4 hour groups, 6 hour groups and 8 hour groups) in0.1μg/ml groups; and there were significantly differences between 8 hour groupsand 10 hour groups, but they had no significantly differences among other twogroups in 0.3μg/ml groups; and there were significantly differences between 10hour groups and 6 hour groups, but 10 hour groups had no significantlydifferences among other two groups in 0.5μg/ml groups; and there weresignificantly differences between 8 hour groups and other three groups in0.7μg/ml groups on the metaphases (P＜0.05), in the experiment of the effect onthe mouse 4- cell embryo stage single blastomere of vinblastine with differentconcentrations and duration, by x~2 statistical analysis.

根据实验的实际情况，适宜制备小鼠8-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球染色体标本的秋水仙素的处理浓度和时间是0.2μg／ml和6小时。3、在确定长春花碱不同处理浓度和时间对小鼠4-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球中期分裂相数影响的实验中，经统计分析，阻断培养0.1μg／ml浓度组中10小时组与其他三组差异显著(4小时组、6小时组和8小时组)；阻断培养0.3μg／ml浓度组中8小时组和10小时组间差异不显著，但与其他两组差异显著；阻断培养0.5μg／ml浓度组中10小时组与6小时组差异不显著，而与其他两组差异显著；阻断培养0.7μg／ml浓度组中8小时组与其他三组差异显著(P＜0.05)。

Sowe selected the vinblastine optimum parameters were 0.1μg/ml and 8 hourcultured duration.The fifth, there were significantly differences between 0.45% sodium chloride groups and other two groups (0.5% sodium citrate groups and 0.35%potassium chloride groups) on the metaphases (P＜0.05), in the experiment of theeffect on the mouse 4-and 8-cell embryo stage single blastomere of differenthypotonic fluids, by x~2 statistical analysis.

根据实验的实际情况，适宜制备小鼠8-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球染色体标本的长春花碱的处理浓度和时间是0.1μg／ml和10小时。5、在确定不同种类低渗液处理对小鼠4、8-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球中期分裂相数影响的实验中，经统计分析，0.45％氯化钠低渗液组与其他两组(0.5％柠檬酸钠和0.35％氯化钾)差异显著(P＜0.05)。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。