分裂性

Amitosis and asymmetric division play an important role in PC12 cell pleomorphism. The asymmetric division possesses important significance in tumorigenesis and differentiation.

无丝分裂和不对称分裂是PC12细胞多形性形成的主要原因，肿瘤细胞无丝分裂及其不对称性对肿瘤发生及肿瘤细胞的分化具有重要意义。

To investigate whether the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis is actually a temperature dependent event, in situ hybridization, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to study the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in normal and cryptorchid testis. Results showed that heat would differentially hurt male germ cells in different developmental stages during spermatogenesis, especially the pachytene primary spermatocytes. Most of spermatogonia in contralateral cryptorchid testis were not harmed fatally by heat as yet, indicating that spermatogonia could resist to beat to a certain extent. In this case spermatogonia could develop to pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes, but they could not acquire the ability to complete the transition from mitosis to meiosis, and then appeared to go through apoptosis. Therefore, we could not find the descendants of meiosis: secondary spermatocytes and round spermatids, elongated spermatids and spermatozoon. The abdominal temperature had no significant influence on the transcription of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes. In normal rabbit testis, cyclin B1 increased in the pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes before meiosis and reached its peak in the spermatids.

为了解精子正常发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1表达的低温依赖性，我们利用原位杂交和免疫组化等方法，研究了正常和隐睾精子发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1的转录和翻译调控活动，结果表明：（1）热对各阶段的雄性生殖细胞都有损害，粗线期的初级精母细胞尤为敏感，实验性隐睾内的精原细胞尚未完全受到"致命"影响，说明精原细胞对热有一定的耐受性，但即使成为粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞，却未能获得由有丝分裂过渡到减数分裂的能力，呈现不同程度的凋亡，所以在整个切片中找不到源自减数分裂的产物----次级精母细胞、圆形精子细胞，更谈不上长形精子细胞和精子的形成；（2）腹腔高温未明显地影响隐睾精原细胞和粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞中cyclinB1和cdc2的转录，说明高温并不是通过影响cyclin B1和cdc2的转录活动而导致生精过程阻断的；（3）正常兔睾丸组织中，〓在精原细胞和粗线期／双线期精母细胞中均有表达：cyclin B1蛋白在减数分裂前期的粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞中的表达量增加，于变态末期的精子细胞中达高峰。

Firstly, we prove the existence and the uniqueness of the hyperfocal subalgebra when the coefficient field is split for a defect pointed group; then, considering the structural pattern of source algebras over arbitrary fields, by means of G-acted groups, we reduce the existence and the uniqueness of the hyperfocal subalgebra over an arbitrary field to the case that the coefficient field is split for a defect pointed group and the inertia group stablizes a hyperfocal subalgebra.

首先我们证明了如果系数域对亏点群是分裂的，则源代数的超聚焦子代数存在且共轭唯一；然后通过考虑任意域上源代数的结构模式，以G-作用群为手段，将超聚焦子代数的存在性和唯一性归结为系数域对亏点群是分裂的情况下惯性群稳定的超聚焦子代数的存在性和唯一性。

The primary sporogenous cells divided into the second sporogenous cells which would turn into microspore mother cells in a microsporangium. The cytokinesis in meiosis of the microspore mother cells was of modified simultaneous type, forming the decussate, isobilateral or T-shaped tetrads.

初生造孢细胞分裂形成次生造孢细胞，次生造孢细胞再转化为小孢子母细胞，小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为修饰性同时型，四分体排列方式为交叉型、对称型或"T"型，成熟花粉粒二细胞型，开花时散出。

Some single embryogenic cells produced an embryonic cell and a suspensor cell by the first division and embryonal suspensor masses were produced after several divisions.

胚性愈伤组织中的一些单个胚性细胞经过第一次分裂产生两个细胞，即胚细胞和胚柄细胞，它们继续进行分裂几次以后形成胚性胚柄团结构。

By the cooperation of 8-MOP/UVA, the photoaging-characteristic biological markers of the dermic fibroblasts in vivo and in intro were changed as follows:① with a permanent switch of mitotic to stably postmitotic phentypes, fibroblasts displayed growth suppression and morphological changes of cell senescence;② increasing expression of SA-β-galactosidase;③ increasing expression of p16 protein;④ continuous up-regulation of mRNA of MMP-1 and MMP-3, while the protein of TIMP-1 was only slightly induced;⑤ high levels of the 4977bp deleted mtDNA accumulated in dermis and cultured fibroblasts, and large accumulation of a A→C base transversion of 414 position of 〓 of human mtDNA control region for replication of cultured fibroblasts also.

2.8-MOP/UVA作用下，体内外真皮成纤维细胞生物学特性出现具有光老化特征性的改变：①细胞由具有分裂活性的分裂表型转化为不具有分裂能力的分裂后表型，形态学出现细胞衰老的相应改变；②SA-β-Gal表达增加；③p16蛋白表达增加；④MMP-1、MMP-3 mRNA持续表达而TIMP蛋白表达仅被轻微诱导；⑤mtDNA 4977bp缺失大量累积，培养成纤维细胞mtDNA复制控制区〓片段414碱基迅速出现大量A→C的点突变。

The primary sporogenous cells divided into the second sporogenous cells which would turn into microspore mother cells in a microsporangium. The cytokinesis in meiosis of the microspore mother cells was of modified simultaneous type, forming the decussate, isobilateral or T-shaped tetrads.

初生造孢细胞分裂形成次生造孢细胞，次生造孢细胞再转化为小孢子母细胞，小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为修饰性同时型，四分体排列方式为交叉型、对称型或&T&型，成熟花粉粒二细胞型，开花时散出。

Dr. Harrison pointed out that the concern about adherence has ramifications beyond schizophrenia."Approximately 20% to 30% of patients don't refill prescriptions of any type, whether they're antipsychotics or statins," he said. In schizophrenia, the investigators reported, the issue of nonadherence is more widespread and the consequences more dire: 40% to 50% of patients with schizophrenia do not adhere to their prescribed medications and are therefore at risk for exacerbation of psychosis and rehospitalization.

Harrison医师指出，关于服药顺从性的忧虑是精神分裂疾病的副产物，大约20%至30%的病患不会再回来领药，不论是何种形式的药物，抗精神分裂药物或是statins类药物；以精神分裂症来说，顺从性不佳的情况更是普遍，而且后果更是可怕，将近有40%至50%的精神分裂症病患并不会按时服药，因此是精神病发与住院的高危险群。

Dr. Harrison pointed out that the concern about adherence has ramifications beyond schizophrenia."Approximately 20% to 30% of patients don't refill prescriptions of any type, whether they're antipsychotics or statins," he said. In schizophrenia, the investigators reported, the issue of nonadherence is more widespread and the consequences more dire: 40% to 50% of patients with schizophrenia do not adhere to their prescribed medications and are therefore at risk for exacerbation of psychosis and rehospitalization.

Harrison医师指出，关於服药顺从性的忧虑是精神分裂疾病的副产物，大约20%至30%的病患不会再回来领药，不论是何种形式的药物，抗精神分裂药物或是statins类药物；以精神分裂症来说，顺从性不佳的情况更是普遍，而且后果更是可怕，将近有40%至50%的精神分裂症病患并不会按时服药，因此是精神病发与住院的高危险群。

The meiosis of oocytes differ from mitoses of general cells. Especially in most mammalian species, oocytes are formed during fetal life, but they are arrested at the prophase stage of the first meiotic division until around the time of ovulation.

卵母细胞的成熟分裂有别于一般细胞的有丝分裂，尤其是哺乳动物，在胎儿期或出生后不久，初级卵母细胞就陆续进入第一次成熟分裂前期阶段，但长时间的&休止&于此期，直到性成熟时在促性腺激素等因素的作用下，第一次成熟分裂才重新启动。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。