分裂子

In organisms showing ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS, the gametes may be produced by mitosis in the haploid generation, or by meiosis in the diploid generation and give rise directly to gametes or gamete-producing cells.

在表现出明显世代交替的生物体中，配子可能是由单倍体世代发生有丝分裂产生，亦可由二倍体世代减数分裂直接产生配子体或配子母细胞。

Based on the detailed analysis of a variety of factors affecting stability of taxol production in Taxus cells, it was discovered that initial cell density and the relevant concentrations of substrates, elicitors and precursors significantly affected stability of taxol production; farther study showed that addition of elicitors at appropriate cellular state was the key to steadily improve taxol yield, especially, the proper cellular state was at the end of lag phase and at the beginning of the stationary phase, which was also proved by the cellular ultrastructure.

对影响红豆杉细胞紫杉醇产量稳定性的各类因素进行详细分析，发现细胞的接种密度以及与之相适应的培养基的基质浓度、诱导子浓度和前体浓度是影响紫杉醇产量稳定的重要因素；进一步研究发现，选择细胞处于合适的状态时加入诱导子是稳定提高紫杉醇产量的关键，细胞合适状态特别是延迟期末和稳定期初最合适，细胞状态的超微结构观察结果也证明了这一点；同时研究发现采用合适的同步化处理获得的细胞初始周期时相加入诱导子与紫杉醇产量稳定密切相关，且以低温同步化处理得到的细胞周期的分裂中期相的细胞加入诱导子不仅大大提高了紫杉醇的产量，而且诱导子加入时间大大缩短，有利于大大提高紫杉醇生产率。

The methods split the operator to the sum of two maximal monotone operator and in each iteration one has to compute the resolvent of one of the operators.

针对此问题，求解极大单调算子的零点的另一个常用算法-分裂算法，将原来的算子分裂为两个算子之和，在每一步迭代中，只需求出其中一个算子的预解式。

Tetraploid organisms may arise by the fusion of two diploid gametes that have resulted from the nondisjunction of chromosomes at meiosis, or by nondisjunction of the chromoosomes during the mitotic division of a zygote.

四倍体的产生可能是由于两个二倍体配子发生融合，这种二倍体配子又是在减数分裂中染色体不发生分离而形成。四倍体也可能因为受精卵进行有丝分裂时染色单体未发生分离而形成。

In the present paper,the nonlinear behaviors of the chaotic bubbling from a 4-pipr gas sparger in a shallow bubble column s with three different high diameter ratios of one to three was studied.

鼓泡塔不同区域的奇怪吸引子结果表明：对于H/D≤3的气相多管分布的浅层鼓泡塔，沿轴向可区分为下部气泡分裂区、中部分裂与凝并过渡区和上部分裂凝并平衡区。

It takes about 0.5 h for a pollen tube from germination to arrive at the micropyle. About 0.5 h after pollination, the pollen tube releases two sperms into one synergid. At 0.5-2.5 h after pollination, the egg cell fuses with one sperm to form a zygote. About 10.0 h after pollination, the division of the zygote begins. The duration of the zygote lasts about 2.5-10.0 h. However, one sperm nucleus fuses with two polar nuclei at 1.0-3.0 h after pollination, and 5.0 h after pollination the primary endosperm nucleus begins to divide.

水稻受精过程经历的时间表如下：授粉后，花粉在柱头萌发；花粉萌发至花粉管进入珠孔大约需要0.5小时；授粉后0.5小时左右，花粉管进入一个助细胞，释放精子；授粉后0.5-2.5小时，精卵融合形成合子；授粉后约10.0小时，合子第1次分裂，合子期为授粉后2.5-10.0小时；授粉后1.0-3.0小时，精核与两极核融合；授粉后约5.0小时，初生胚乳核分裂。

Though the gametic nucleus of normal cell didn't enter the amicronucleate cell, there were cytoplasm and organelle exchanges between two cells.

在接合对中，有小核细胞一方可以完成正常的减数分裂过程，既有配子核的形成、配子核的融合、配子核分裂，最终形成两个有小核的子细胞。

2N gametes are the result of meiotic mutation during micro- and mega-sporogenesis that bear the sporophytic rather than the gametophytic chromosome number. This paper reviewed the genetic markers including the morphologic, cytological, isozymes and DNA markers, which have been employed in the generation, inheritance, heterozygosity and marker-assisted breeding of 2n gametes based on the frequency of large pollen grains, cytological analyses, unexpected occurrence of polyploidy progeny and the associations between parents and progenies.

文章综述了植物2n配子发生及其遗传标记研究现状，论述涉及有关形态学标记、细胞学标记、同工酶标记乃至DNA标记等遗传标记在2n配子研究中的应用，指出通过花粉形态观察、大小孢子母细胞减数分裂行为观察、杂种后代倍性鉴定以及亲子分子标记相关分析等，对2n配子发生、2n配子遗传类型与杂合性以及2n配子在育种实践中的有效性等进行研究。

Thus it is obvious that the weak homology existedamong genomes A, B, D and 〓. However, the rare unreduced gemetes and near-unreduced ones with the loss of several chromosomes could be produced by the highlyunequtional division of univalents at the first meisis and the normal second division,which gave the F1 hybrid the partial fertility.

但通过第一次减数分裂时单价体的极不对称的分离及正常的第二次分裂，可形成少量未减数配子和丢失了少数几条染色体的近未减数配子，使杂种〓表现部分可育性。

This is a new kind of photoinduced phenomenon and it is a one-photon process.(2)A bipolaron is split into two polarons by photoexcitation.This photoinduced splitting converts a charge carrier into two spin carriers.(3)When the hopping effect is included, the energy of a soliton-antisoliton pair can be lower than that of single polaron in conducting polymers with degenerate ground state.

这是一种新的单光子过程光致现象；（2）通过光激发，一个双极化子可以分裂成两个极化子，这种光致分裂效应将一个荷电载流子转换为两个自旋载流子；（3）对具有简并基态的导电聚合物，如果计及跃变常数的变化这一效应，孤子-反孤子对的能量可以低于单个极化子的能量。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。