分粒

The introduction of the acrylic or methacrylic acid in middle layer is helpful to obtain a latex with smaller particle size and more narrow particle size distribution.

本文对聚合工艺、乳胶粒中间层分率和软硬单体比例、官能团单体含量等对GAD室温自交联乳液的粒径及分布的影响进行了研究。

In this experiment, we screen the major protective antigen gene-SOD gene of M. paratuberculosisin order to study the sensitive, specific diagnostic reagent and prophylaxis preparation, especially theDNA vaccine. The SOD gene was amplified from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis C-2 chromosomalDNA by using the PCR technique and cloned into pMD18-T Vector System. We gained a SOD gene of624bp.The recombinant clone was identified byα-complementarity, enzyme digestion and PCRidentification. The result indicated that the recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-SOD was successfullyconstructed. Moreover, through sequential determination and DNASTAR analysis between the clonedSOD gene of M. paratuberculosis C-2 and that of the M.paratuberculosis K-10 strain, the sequentialhomogeneity reached 99%, and the amino acid homogeneity reached 99.5%. The preceding analysisindicated that the SOD gene was very conservative in M. paratuberculosis.

为了研制副结核病敏感、特异的诊断试剂和新型、高效的预防制剂，尤其是DNA疫苗，本研究筛选了M.paratuberculosis主要保护性抗原SOD基因，以M.paratuberculosis C-2染色体DNA为模板，以SOD基因的特异性引物进行PCR扩增，获得了624bp的SOD基因，通过T-A克隆技术，将PCR产物克隆至pMD18-T Vector中，以质粒大小、酶切分析、PCR扩增及序列分析鉴定重组克隆，成功地构建出克隆质粒pMD18-T-SOD，序列测定及DNASTAR分析表明，所获得的M.paratuberculosis C-2 SOD基因与Gen Bank中M.paratuberculosis K-10 SOD基因的大小完全一致，两者核苷酸序列的同源性为99％，氨基酸序列的同源性为99.5％，表明该基因在副结核分枝杆菌中是高度保守的。

Methods The HPV16E7 gene was cut to three parts, amplified by PCR, and connected individually with BPVL1 on plasmid PUC. With PVL1393 as a transfect vector, the BPVL1/HPV16E7 recombinants were transfected to baculovirus which subsequently expressed the chimeric BPVL1/HPV16E7 protein in the SF－9 cells. The recombinant proteins were then purified by centrifuge, sonication, sucrose and CsCl ultracentrifuge, and were identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, ECL and TEM.

HPV16E7基因分3段经PCR扩增后分别克隆入连有BPVL1的质粒PUC形成BPVL1-HPV16E7；以质粒PVL1393为载体将BPVL1-HPV16E7基因转染杆状病毒并在昆虫细胞中进行表达；用超声粉碎和蔗糖超离、氯化铯梯度离心等方法纯化以及免疫印迹、ECL、透射电镜等方法鉴定表达产物。

The results also revealed a tendency of decrease in the fractal dimension with the increase of floc size, which is resulted from the unproportionate growth between the floc size and the number of the primary particles contained in the flocs.

同时计算结果表明，絮凝体的分形维数有随其粒径增大而逐渐降低的趋势，其原因是絮凝体的成长粒径与絮凝体中所包含的初始颗粒增长速度不成比例。

The sludge in SBMBR1 presented granular characteristics and settled very well. The sludge in SBMBR1was brown and the sludge flocs was smashed by the shear force due to high intensity of aeration. The sludge size decreased and the sludge flocs blended with water forming ropy solutions, and there was no distinguish interface between water and sludge. Low sludge age and high loading operation enabled the sludge in SBMBR1 keeping higher sludge activity and the MLVSS/MLSS ratio and SOUR values of SBMBR1 were higher than SBMBR2. Both in SBMBR1 and SBMBR2, there were large amount of zoogloea, bacillus, coryneform of bacteria, and pediococcus. However, in SBMBR1 there were also a lot of Protozoa like epistylis and etc. A certain amount of filamentous bacteria can also be found in SBMBR1. The biological species in SBMBR1 were much more abundant than that in SBMBR2.3. Membrane fouling on flat-sheets membrane was observed and analyzed with AFM, SEM and TEM. After the measurement of membrane surface EPS and membrane surface ETX analysis, the pollutants composition on the surface of flat-sheets membrane was calculated.

从外观观察SBMBR1反应器中的活性污泥呈浅黄色，随着运行时间的增加，污泥粒径逐步增加，SV、SVI值逐步下降，呈现出较强的颗粒特征，沉降性能良好；SBMBR2污泥呈土黄色，污泥絮体被高强度的曝气所产生的切应力所打碎，污泥粒径迅速降低，絮体较为细碎，和水相混合成均一粘稠的溶液，看不到泥水分界面；低泥龄、高负荷运行，使得SBMBR1可以保持较高的微生物活性，MLVSS/MLSS值、SOUR值均高于SBMBR2；两级反应器活性污泥中均有大量的菌胶团，长杆菌、短杆菌和球菌是构成主体，但SBMBR1活性污泥中含有大量固着型原生动物如累枝虫等，还存在着一定数量的丝状菌，生物相要比SBMBR2丰富。3、借助原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对平板膜污染现象进行观测和分析，并通过膜表面污染物EPS测定、污染膜表面能谱分析，得出平板膜表面污染物的组成。

On the basis of the study of the low heating solid state reaction of the above mentioned inorganic compounds with NaOH, a method of preparing nanometer NiO through discomposing the precursor at higher temperature is built, the main factors of influencing the size of product are discussed, and the nanometer NiO particles whose average diameter are 5nm and 25nm are prepared respectively.

以无机化合物与NaOH的低热固相化学反应的研究为基础，建立了低热固相反应—高温分解法制备纳米NiO的工艺，研究了影响粒子粒径大小的主要因素，制得了平均粒径分别为5nm和25nm的纳米NiO产品。

In the horizontal direction, the salt crust granulometric composition by the thin change into thickening. It is obvious that has level deposition differentiation characteristic, but from the surface layer to the lower level, the sand grains of salt crust content size are more thicker than powder grains or slabby grains, which displays from thick to thin vertical and spatial distribution rule.

在水平方向上，盐壳颗粒组成由细变粗，具有明显水平沉积分异特点，而从表层至下层盐壳颗粒含量大小为砂粒﹥粉粒﹥粘粒，表现为由粗到细的垂直空间分布规律。

The mechanical properties of coal filled polymer composites The mechanical properties of coal/PP composites were investigated, and the effects of coal rank, particle size, surface modification of coupling and alkylation were discussed. The results show that the anthracite and bituminous coal all can be used as filler of plastic after pretreatment of part devolatilization and surface modification; The modulus of composites increase with the content of coal filler; The coupling agent is of no effect for reinforcing the coal/PP composites, except that there are new oxygenous function group forming on the surface in the process of pulverizing; The F-C alkylation reinforce coal (under 10μm)/PP composites obviously.

4煤填充高分子复合材料力学性能超细煤粉填充聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的研究结果表明，烟煤和无烟煤经过脱除部分挥发分的预处理后，都可用于与塑料共混制备复合材料；偶联剂改性对低变质程度烟煤/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能基本不起改善作用，而对于经气流超细粉碎后的小粒径高变质程度烟煤及无烟煤则有一定的增强作用；烷基化改性在煤表面接枝了烷基，使平均粒径小于10μm的煤/聚丙烯复合材料拉伸屈服强度普遍提高，煤填充高分子复合材料可在较高含煤量情况下维持良好的力学性能。

Results showed that:(1) soil loss from plough tillage was as much as 3~8 times that from no-tillage; the aerodynamic roughness lengths under plough and no-tillage were 0.032, 0.417, respectively.(2) No-tillage soil contained more clay and fine sand in the 0-10cm topsoil layer than the plough tillage soil. In the 0-5 and 5-10cm soil depth, the bulk density, soil hardness and soil moisture were more under no-tillage than plough tillage. Especially, the soil hardness in 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20cm under no-tillage were as much as 4.7, 2.8 and 3.8 times, respectively.

研究结果表明：翻耕农田土壤风蚀量是免耕地的3~8倍，翻耕地和免耕地的地表粗糙度分别为0.032和0.417；与翻耕地相比，免耕地表层0~10cm土壤粘粒和粉粒含量较多；免耕地土层0~5cm和5~10cm的土壤容重、坚实度和土壤水分都大于翻耕地，其中0~5cm、5~10cm和10~20cm土层土壤坚实度分别是翻耕地的4.7、2.8倍和3.8倍。

By the use of a weighting method the ash formation distribution of coal with a wide sieve fraction can be obtained.

通常情况下，可以通过机械振筛的方法得到煤灰的粒径分布，清华大学采用 85 0℃的温度下将约 2kg的某窄筛分煤样在马福炉内静态燃烧，然后将收集的灰样在振筛机中用 2 。0mm振幅冷态振筛 5 0min的方法来研究了几种煤种的成灰特性，得到煤灰的初始粒径分布

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。