分粒

The purpose is to provide a general comprehension for the relationship between soil physical properties and fractal dimension affected by soil alkalinization ,and to present a new heuristic idea to regional-level ma.

运用土壤颗粒质量分形模型计算松嫩平原低平地安达试区植被分布区和碱斑区样点土壤颗粒的分形维数，并建立分形维数与土壤颗粒不同粒级间的回归关系，以探讨土地碱化后土壤粒径分布的分形特征及其与土壤物理性状的关系。

In this research, the ~ and F2 of the crosses between a natural mutant 慪34?with super-minute grain and 慪38?with super-large grain,慡huhui 881擲huhui 527?with middle grain size were carried out to study the inheritance of the grain shape (grain length, grain width, grain thickness and grain length/width ratio) and 1000-grain weight. The main results are summarized as below:? The F1 grain length, grain width, grain thickness and 1000-grain weight of three crosses were lay between the two parents and tended to Y34, which indicated that those grain traits were all governed by the dominant effect of Y34 and influenced by both female and male parents. The differences of F1 grain length, grain width, grain thickness and 1000-grain weight of positive and negative crosses between Y38 and Y34 indicated the existence of cytogene effects.? The broad heritabilities of major grain traits were calculated.

本研究利用一份水稻极小粒自然突变材料Y34与一份水稻极大粒材料Y38、两份常规籽粒大小材料蜀恢881、蜀恢527的杂交F_1及F_2，对主要粒形性状（粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比）及千粒重进行了遗传研究，根据遗传研究的结果利用微卫星标记结合F_2群分法对控制Y34短粒性状基因进行了分子标记定位，主要结果如下：●各组合F_1粒长、粒宽、粒厚和千粒重介于双亲之间且明显偏向于小值亲本 Y34，这表明粒长、粒宽、粒厚和千粒重均主要受小值亲本显性基因的控制并同时也受大值亲本核基因的影响。Y34与Y38正反交F_1在粒长、粒宽、粒厚、千粒重等性状上存在差异，表明存在细胞质效应。

In the design of the de-huller, the lotus seeds were fed into the de-hulling channel in queue of the seeds with a certain heading orientation by using a screw expeller, and the de-hulling channel composed of two rotating supporting roller and a con-rotating cutting roller was established to realize the de-hulling of seeds. The integrated adjustment unit was designed for the adjustment of the main cutting parameters such as cutting force, cutting depth, two obliquities in horizontal and vertical plane so that the different variety and granularity of seeds were de-hulled.

辊刀式莲子剥壳机采用供送螺杆对壳莲进行分粒供送并使莲子按照一致的位形排序上料，采用由双托辊和剥壳辊构成的剥壳通道实现莲子剥壳，为适应不同品种、不同粒度壳莲的剥壳，在剥壳机设计中采用了集总式调节机构以实现对主要切割参数即切割压力、切割深度、螺旋辊刀空间斜置和偏置角度的调节。

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

The results show that the radiative properties of randomly distributed soot aggregates for a given fractal dimension are complex functions of the monomer diameters, the number of monomers in the aggregates,and the refractive index; For a small value of the monomer diameters, the absorption cross section of soot aggregates tends to be relatively constant when the fractal dimension is small but increases rapidly when the fractal dimension exceeds two. However, a monotonical reduction in light absorption with the increase of the fractal dimension is observed for soot aggregates with sufficiently large monomer diameters, number of monomers,and refractive index. The scattering cross section , extinction cross section and single-scattering albedo increase monotonically with the increase of the fractal dimension. Overall, the results for soot aggregates differ profoundly from those calculated for the equivalent spherical particles, and the discrepancies between them will change small with the increase of the fractal dimension.

研究表明，在给定分形维数的情况下，烟尘団簇粒子的辐射特性取决于原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率；原始微粒较小的団簇粒子，当分形维数较小时，吸收截面变化不明显，但当分形维数大于二时，吸收截面骤然增大，然而，对于具有比较大的原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率的烟尘団簇粒子，吸收截面随着分形维数的增大而单调递减；随着分形维数的增大，団簇粒子的散射截面、消光截面及单次散射反照率均单调递增；从整体上来讲，団簇粒子的辐射特性与等效球形粒子的辐射特性存在着比较大的差别，并且这种差别随着分形维数的增大而减小。

This paper summarized the study and application state of the dry deep screening (6mm, 3mm) theory and screening equipments of moist fine coal and flip—flow screen, elaborated the machanisms which the elastic screen surface overcomes blinding apertures, proposed a new dry deep screening (6mm, 3mm) theory of moist fine coal, studied the sophisticated phenomenon which particle moves on screen surface.

本文综述了潮湿细粒煤炭干法深度（6mm，3mm）筛分理论、筛分设备及弛张筛的研究与应用现状，阐述了弹性筛面克服潮湿细粒煤炭筛分的堵孔机理，提出了潮湿细粒煤炭干法深度筛分的新理论。

The reservoir rock types in the region of interest are grain limestone, algal limestone, cryptite, siltstone, muddy limestone and mudstone. The thesis identified as a result of changes in the deposition causing the heterogeneity in plane, and then the geological oil reserves have been calculated in accordance with the areal heterogeneity.3、Based on the data of core analysis, bore logging, array induction imaging log and FMI, porosity and permeability model were built using regression analysis. Through testing 45 rock samples, a, b, m, n value were obtained and used to calculate single-layer oil saturation value using the Archie formula. According to the theory of laterolog and inductolog, resistivity ratio and cross plot were used to identification effective thickness. Effective thickness was identified delicately in 103 wells. Based on the over work, active porosity and oil saturation was calculated accurately.4、According to observation of 100 pieces of the thin slices, cast thin slices and 383m core in three wells, the chief diagenesis in this area were compaction, cementation, denudation and cataclasis. Cementation and denudation were universally influenced active porosity this area. The intergranular pores, residual pores and secondary pores were formed in thin carbonated reservoir of lacustrine facies.5、The influence of reservoir heterogeneity to reservoir calculation was analyzed systematically using actual data. And the conclusions were as follows:①The principal reason leading to oil distribution unequal is interior structural feature of reservoir in structural hydrocarbon reservoir.

确定了由于沉积微相的变化而导致的平面非均质性，进而在平面上按照平面非均质单元计算了石油地质储量。3、利用岩心分析、常规测井曲线与阵列感应、成像测井资料相结合，分岩性利用回归分析方法建立了储层孔隙度、渗透率模型；通过对45块岩样进行岩电试验，获取了a、b、m、n值，利用阿尔奇公式计算了各单层含油饱和度值；根据侧向电阻率和感应电阻率串并联特性，利用电阻率比值法与常规交会图法相结合重建了有效厚度图版，对全区103口井目的层段进行了有效厚度精细划分，通过以上工作，准确求取了储量计算单元内有效厚度参数、有效孔隙度参数以及含油饱和度参数。4、通过对研究区3口井383m岩心观察，100余块薄片、铸体薄片镜下鉴定得出：油泉子油田上、下油砂山组储层主要成岩作用是压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和破裂作用，其中溶蚀作用、胶结作用最普遍，这两种作用对有效孔隙度影响最大，以上成岩作用形成了原生粒间孔、粒间残余孔和次生孔隙(如粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间孔等)为主的薄层湖相碳酸盐岩储层。5、利用实际资料，系统分析了油藏非均质对储量计算的影响，认为：①对于构造油气藏而言，油气藏构造及断裂特征是造成油气分布不均的首要原因，储集条件相同的条件下，构造高部位有利于储存油气，油气在垂向的重力分异体现了油气藏内部构造的不均一特征。

The results showed that the spatial distribution range of soil fertility in Qinling forest area on south slope was soil pH volue 5.97～6.89,organic matter 6.6～50.1 g·kg~-1, total N 0.5～3.8 g·kg~-1 ,available N 33.6～257.3 mg·kg~-1,available P 0.81～5.8 mg·kg~-1,available K 38.9～262.4 mg·kg~-1,clay particle content 11.3%～18.1%,capacity of exchangeable base 68.5～310.2 mmol·kg~-1 respectively; The spatial variation degree of available P, organic matter, and total N was big,whereas clay particle content and active acid pH value was small;the spatial variation degree of soil pH value, organic matter, available P, clay particle content, and capacity of exchangeable base decreased with the deep of soil,whereas soil total N、available N, and available K increased.

结果表明，秦岭南坡土壤肥力指标在整个土壤剖面空间分异范围分别为：土壤pH值5.97～6.89，有机质含量6.6～50.1 g·kg-1，土壤全N含量0.5～3.8 g·kg-1，碱解N含量33.6～257.3 mg·kg-1，速效P含量0.81～5.8 mg·kg-1，速效K含量38.9～262.4 mg·kg-1，粘粒含量11.3%～18.1%，阳离子代换量68.5～310.2 mmol·kg-1；其空间分异程度以速效P、有机质和土壤全N含量较大，土壤粘粒含量和土壤pH值较小；随着土层的加深，土壤pH值、有机质、速效P、土壤粘粒含量和阳离子代换量空间分异程度减小，而土壤全N、碱解N和速效K含量空间分异程度增大。

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主要刀片产品有切纸刀片，分纸刀，分纸单刀及砂轮，开槽机刀，单板切纸刀片，三面切纸刀片，旋转切纸刀，横切刀，圆筒卫生纸切刀，分切上下刀，皮革上下刀，皮革裁刀，切光刀，切刻圆刀片，切管刀，碗刀片，导纸片，模切刀，羊肉切片刀，蔬菜切片刀，火腿薄切刀，圆盘滚剪刀，纵剪分条刀，切条刀片，轴承刀，光刀圈，多刃刀圈，蝶形刀，石棉瓦花刀，铜箔裁切刀，铝箔切刀，线路板裁切刀，PP裁切刀，切脚机刀片，剪板机刀片，轧钢刀片，钢筋剪断刀，废钢破碎刀，塑料粉碎刀，切粒刀，切粒滚刀，合金切粒滚刀，橡胶刀片，底封刀，制袋机刀，连卷袋刀片，胶合板刀片，木工刨刀，切片机刀，冲剪机刀片，飞剪刀片，刮刀，涂布刮刀，薄刀系列，钨钢薄刀片，钨钢圆刀片，超硬合金裁纸刀，三孔刀片，化纤刀片，切布刀，齿形刀，样布裁切刀等，非标刀片可定制。

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主要刀片产品有切纸刀片，分纸刀，分纸单刀及砂轮，开槽机刀，单板切纸刀片，三面切纸刀片，旋转切纸刀，横切刀，圆筒卫生纸切刀，分切上下刀，皮革上下刀，皮革裁刀，切光刀，切刻圆刀片，切管刀，碗刀片，导纸片，模切刀，羊肉切片刀，蔬菜切片刀，火腿薄切刀，圆盘滚剪刀，纵剪分条刀，切条刀片，轴承刀，光刀圈，多刃刀圈，蝶形刀，石棉瓦花刀，铜箔裁切刀，铝箔切刀，线路板裁切刀，PP裁切刀，切脚机刀片，剪板机刀片，轧钢刀片，钢筋剪断刀，废钢破碎刀，塑料粉碎刀，切粒刀，切粒滚刀，合金切粒滚刀，橡胶刀片，底封刀，制袋机刀，连卷袋刀片，胶合板刀片，木工刨刀，切片机刀，冲剪机刀片，飞剪刀片，刮刀，涂布刮刀，薄刀系列，钨钢薄刀片，钨钢圆刀片，超硬合金裁纸刀，切编织袋刀片，卷笔刀片，轮胎修剪刀片，饲料刀片，美工刀片，三孔刀片，修眉刀片，化纤刀片，切布刀，齿形刀，样布裁切刀等，非标刀片可定制。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。