分类统计

Study of managerial accounting concepts; costs classification; cost-volume-profit analysis; cost ration; standard costs and variance analysis; budgeting; costs analysis for decision making and operation evaluation.

本课程主要研究管理会计的概念，成本分类、费用及利润分析、费用定量、标准成本与方差分析、预算成本与成本统计。

Firstly, variables which were acquired for the above two kinds of classification system were obtained from field and laboratory investigation of the core samples as well as test of supersonic waves in drilling holes. Secondly, distribution functions and parameters of all variables are determined using statistic method. Thirdly, 20000 RMR values or BQ values and cumulative distribution function of these RMR or BQ values have been obtained utilizing Monte—Carlo method and the results are plotted. Finally, risk analysis can be made from above results.

风险评价方法步骤如下：（1）首先通过岩芯样品的现场观测和实验室试验及钻孔岩体超声波测试获得两种分类所需的变量；（2）通过统计分析和判断得出各变量的分布函数及参数；（3）运用Monte—Carlo模拟方法获得2万个RMR值或BQ值及相应的累积分布函数，并将结果绘成岩体质量描述图；（4）运用以上结果作出岩体质量风险分析。

If outcome is continuous, it makes no statistical sense to dichotomize it.

如果结果是连续的，那么使其变成二分类资料是没有统计必要的

Among used machine learning methods, the gradient descent method is widely used to train various classifiers, such as Back-propagation neural network and linear text classifier. However, the gradient descent method is easily trapped into a local minimum and slowly converges. Thus, this study presents a gradient forecasting search method based on prediction methods to enhance the performance of the gradient descent method in order to develop a more efficient and precise machine learning method for Web mining.However, a prediction method with few sample data items and precise forecasting ability is a key issue to the gradient forecasting search method. Applying statistic-based prediction methods to implement GFSM is unsuitable because they require a large number of data items to model a prediction model. In the contrast with statistic-based prediction methods, GM(1,1) grey prediction model does not need a large number of data items to build a prediction model, and it has low computational load. However, the original GM(1,1) grey prediction model uses a mathematical hypothesis and approximation to transform a continuous differential equation into a discrete difference equation in order to model a forecasting model.

其中梯度法是一个最常被使用来实现机器学习的方法之一，然而梯度法具有学习速度慢以及容易陷入局部最佳解的缺点，因此，本研究提出一个梯度预测搜寻法则(gradient forecasting search method， GFSM)来改善传统梯度法的缺点，用来提升一些以梯度学习法则为基础的分类器在资讯探勘上的效率与正确性；而一个所需资料量少、计算复杂度低且精确的预测模型是梯度预测搜寻法能否有效进行最佳解搜寻之关键因素，传统统计为基础之预测方法的缺点是需要较大量的数据进行预测，因此计算复杂度高，灰色预测模型具有建模资料少且计算复杂度低等优点，然而灰色预测理论以连续之微分方程式为基础，并且透过一些数学上的假设与近似，将连续之微分方程式转换成离散之差分方程式来对离散型资料进行建模及预测，这样的作法不尽合理，且缺乏数学理论上的完备性，因为在转换过程中已经造成建模上的误差，且建模过程仅考虑相邻的两个资料点关系，无法正确反应数列未来的变化趋势。

Methods To capture rodents with trap － night for rodent specimen collection and classification at the sameperiod of each month from 1986 － 2001 ill residential area, rice field and dry farm land.

1986～2001年每月定期在住宅、稻田、旱地3种生境采用夹夜法调查，收集鼠类标本，分类鉴定，统计鼠密度和鼠种组成。

Results There were 8 rodent species in Yuqing county. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species among domestic rodents,with 83.97 percent; Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in rice field and dry farm land,with 95.16 percent.

方法1986～2001年每月定期在住宅、稻田、旱地3种生境采用夹夜法调查，收集鼠类标本，分类鉴定，统计鼠密度和鼠种组成。

PCA is the optimal dimension compression technique based on second order information in the sense of mean square error.

PCA是一种基于二阶统计的最小均方误差意义上的最优维数据压缩技术，FLD是一种较为普遍的用于特征提取的线性分类方法。

We based the development and analysis of heat essence on all kinds of cognitive types and used code system of material corpuscle theory to distinguish, code, classify and order examinate's cognitive types, shown on the quantity and quality data. We also used SPSS statistics software to analyze examinate's cognitive types and their variable frequency distribution and the variation of the different grades.

我们以热本质之各种认知类型的历史发展、分析及物质微粒理论的编码系统为主要参考依据，来识别、编码、分类、排序受测者在施测工具之量性及质性资料中所呈现出来的各种既有的认知类型，并利用SPSS统计套装软体来分析受测者各主要认知类型的频率分布及随年级变化的情形。

Take the development of the bank commissioners to do the research through brainstorming to think the disposition of the family in Taiwan. Then accordance the extenuation and range limit of the Fish Bone Map questions to sift、analyze、generalize and arrange, then access the SPSS to fine the priority of the problems. Finally, provide the references of the disposition and management of the property for the general family in Taiwan.

随机对高雄附近地区银行推广部门之专员或单位主管为示范群体，做专家访谈与问卷调查，依其个人过去推荐客户如何做资产配置的经验，运用群体脑力激荡方式思考问题，透过脑力激荡法，快速列出台湾地区现行家庭对资产管理与配置上常见的问题，再依问题的严重性、急迫性、涵盖范围大小，作筛选、分析、归纳、分类后，并利用SPSS统计工具，计算平均数，找出问题严重性、急迫性、及所影响范围大小与次序，决定处理问题之优先次序，最后针对问题提出解决资产管理与配置及防范对策，提供台湾地区一般家庭能套用此模式作平时自我检视资产是否配置适当之参考方式。

The second part for 2-5, carried on the detailed treatise to each step of the article frame. Among them, chapter 2 mainly introduces the theories of total value management and real estate, paves the way to analyze the next substances; chapter 3 introduces the basic theories on value engineering and the significance of value engineering application in project decision-making, and finally indicates the processes and methods of value engineering application in project decision-making with particular analysis of a case; Chapter 4 describes the management of customer value, this part use the factorization methods and factorize the factor of customer value, establishes the step analysis evaluation model, use the SPSS software to analysis the data, scooping out the "latitude degree" that concealed, which customers pay attention to. According to these, this part puts forward the factor classification and improvement; Chapter 5 describes the society responsibilities that the real estate enterprises should afford, constructs a system of target about society value management and poses the specific methods of society value management.

第二部分是本文的主体部分，为二到五章，第二章主要介绍了全面价值管理和房地产的基本理论，为下面的分析做好基础；第三章介绍了价值工程的基本原理以及应用价值工程的意义，并通过案例与理论的结合，论述了价值工程在项目决策应用中的程序和方法；第四章介绍了顾客价值的管理，这部分尝试用因子分析方法把顾客价值因素作为变量，建立顾客价值管理的层级评价模型，利用SPSS统计软件对调查数据进行分析，挖掘变量背后掩藏的"纬度"，即顾客关注的大的价值要素，并根据这些要素的重要性提出了价值要素分类以及改进的思想；第五章描述了房地产企业应承担的社会责任，构建了房地产企业社会价值管理指标体系，并指出了其进行社会价值管理的具体办法。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐