分类系统

There are different opinions of the taxonomy on the subfamily, tribe, genus and species of Umbelliferae because the taxonomic system of Umbelliferae is based on the typical umbrella anthotaxy and its fruit with specific secretory tube.

但是由于伞形科的分类系统是建立在典型的伞形花序和带有特殊分泌管的果实的基础之上的，使得分类学者在亚科、族、属和种的设立和分类方面存在分歧，实验主要针对阿魏属和独活属的花粉形状进行研究，对阿魏属和独活属植物的分类提供一些基础数据。

There are different opinions of the taxonomy on the subfamily, tribe, genus and species of Umbelliferae because the taxonomic system of Umbelliferae is based on the typical umbrella anthotaxy and its fruit with specific secretory tube. The pollen morphology is carefully observed in this test in order to provide several basic data for the taxa of Ferula and Heracleum.

但是由于伞形科的分类系统是建立在典型的伞形花序和带有特殊分泌管的果实的基础之上的，使得分类学者在亚科、族、属和种的设立和分类方面存在分歧，实验主要针对阿魏属和独活属的花粉形状进行研究，对阿魏属和独活属植物的分类提供一些基础数据。

The proposed classification system is divided into three parts: training procedure, classifying procedure and feedback procedure. The system has good scalability and flexility. Based on the text classification system, we have done much work on testing and have got much precise data.

在本文提出并实现的文本分类系统上，我们进行了一系列的测试工作，并得到了严格的实验数据，这些实验数据都表明：在训练样本不充分的情况下，结合反馈方法的文本分类系统可以获得事半功倍的效果。

Numerous classification systems have been devised. Most, like Parrish (Table 1), classify the fracture according to its location.

己发明许多不同的分类系统，像Parrish系统（表1）一样，大多数系统依据骨折位置进行分类。

The members of the same genus and family were grouped together. The polyogenetic relationships of 8 families were Pyrgomorphidae →Chrotogonidae→Pamphagidae→Oedipodidae→Acrididae→Arcypteridae→Gomphoceridae→Cantantopidae.Pygomorphidae had closer relationships with Chrotogonidae as well as being the most ancestral group. Arcypteridae and Gomphoceridae were the sister groups and had closer relationships with most evolutionary Catantopidae. Tridactylidae was divided firstly as a suborder,which differs from the recent taxonomy distinctly. Haglidae and Gryllidae were grouped into suborder Ensifera, Tetrigidae and 8 families of Acridoidea were grouped into suborder Caelifera, as same as recent taxonomy.

分子系统树表明：科内的属和属内的种均优先聚在一起；蝗总科8科的起源关系为：锥头蝗科→瘤锥蝗科→癞蝗科→斑翅蝗科→剑角蝗科→网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科→斑腿蝗科；锥头蝗科与瘤锥蝗科关系较近，是蝗总科内最原始的类群；槌角蝗科和网翅蝗科互为姐妹群，与最进化的斑腿蝗科关系较近；蚤蝼科为独立的一支，最先分出，似为一个亚目，与现用的分类系统有明显差别；哈螽科和蟋蟀科聚在一起为剑瓣亚目，蚱科和蝗总科的8科组成短瓣亚目，同现用的分类系统。

And, we selected some representative species of Collembola and representative groups of Protura, Diplura, Insecta and Arustacean to sequence and analyze their 18S rRNA completely gene sequences, 28S rRNA D6-D7 domain and nearly completely gene sequences to make the studies about the phylogeny relationships of the main families and orders of Collembola, discuss the questions such as the reliability about the new four orders system to Collembola, the monophyletic and ordinal phylogenetic relationships of them and the situation of the special groups, the phylogenetic relationships about Collembola with other groups and the evolution of Hexapod.

同时选取弹尾纲的代表种类和原尾纲、双尾纲、昆虫纲、甲壳动物等节肢动物部分类群，进行了18S rRNA基因全序列和28S rRNA基因D6-D7区以及近全长序列的测定、分析，对弹尾纲重要科属的亲缘关系、进化地位进行分子系统学研究，讨论弹尾纲最新分类系统中四目的确定性、各目单系性、四目的系统关系、特殊类群的分类地位，以及弹尾纲和其它类群之间亲缘关系、六足动物进化等问题。

Based on early stage morphological characters of and well-known features studied previously but not used in taxonomy and phylogeny, a revaluation Soot-Ryen's system of supraspecific taxa and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among the Recent Mytilidae have been attempted.

根据以前人们熟知而尚未应用到分类和系统发育研究中的早期发育阶段形态特征，作者重新修订了Soot-Ryen的现生贻贝科种上阶元分类系统，重新提出了科内系统发育关系。

This study provided some new evidences for the phylogenetic relationships of Rhopalocera butterflies and its subgroup Papilioninae through the primary and secondary structure analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequence, aiming at setting up a more scientific and reasonable systematics category for the butterflies, especially for those distributed in our country.

本研究通过对凤蝶亚科以及蝶类各主要类群的16S rRNA基因序列的一级和二级结构的系统学分析，旨在为蝶类的系统分类和系统演化研究提供一些分子佐证，为进一步建立一个更为科学的自然分类系统提供部分相关基础资料。

Based on some existent value categorizing systems, the authors build a value categorizing system and a valuating methods system of tourist resources.

在对国内外关于旅游资源价值评估研究进展进行综述与旅游资源价值评估的意义研究的基础上，参照已有的价值分类系统，构建了旅游资源的价值分类系统，结合各种价值的特点，构建了旅游资源价值的评估方法系统，以期能为科学地评价旅游资源的价值提供借鉴。

The differences of classification systems between HLZ and land cover are compared in this paper.

在对HLZ分类系统与土地覆盖类型分类系统之间的差异性进行对比分析的基础上，根据土地覆盖类型与HLZ生态系统类型的最大对应概率，构建了基于栅格的土地覆盖边际转换模型。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。