分类系统

The contents included the followings : Nomenclature of trees , History of dendrology taxonomy , System of classification , Influences and fruit , Terms of taxonomy , Classification of tree farms , Classification of Gymnosperm , Classification of Angiosperm.

其内容如下：树木的命名、树木分类的历史、分类系统、花序及果实、分类的术语、木本蕨类之分类、裸子植物之分类与被子植物之分类。

The latter seems to be more reasonable in designing in terms of evenness values.

在两种分类系统中也存在一些细小的差别，垫刃亚目分类体系较中国土壤系统分类具有更丰富的分支体系，而从均匀度指数来看，中国土壤系统分类系统的设计似乎是更加合理。

With the analysis of the features of tree system,potential aspects which could influence tree classification results are studied,the factors that should be taken into consideration in modelling hibernal tree classification are proposed and are concluded to six main aspects of features,amongst them the most correlated contents and information for classification are picked up to set up hibernal trees classification model,and finally implements the classification model with Bayes,which accomplishes a hibernal tree classification system based on Bayes.

通过分析树木体系的特征，研究并分析了可能影响树木分类结果的几个方面，提出了树木分类建模时应该考虑的因素，并将其归纳为六个方面，从中抽取与分类最相关的内容和信息，构建了冬态树木分类的模型，最后用贝叶斯方法实现了该分类模型，完成了基于贝叶斯的冬态树木分类系统。

For organizing vegetation submodel, started with the bottom-up gateway to agglomerate plot-data. The vegetation types must be confirmed before predictive vegetation mapping, therefore designed a transforming program to combine 585 plot-data from different surveys for the purpose. But the result of the classification and ordination of the combined plot-data couldn't display comprehensive vegetation types of Taiwan, because the plots were insufficient and disproportionate. Consequently, this study adopted the top-down gateway to divisive vegetation. After referring to Taiwan and east-Asia vegetation research papers and American national vegetation classification system etc., the physiognomic classification scheme of Taiwan had been drafted as vegetation submodel. The scheme included 4 levels: 2 classes, 5subclasses (subarctic, coldtemperate, cooltemperate, warmtemperate, subtropical), 8 groups (based on phenology and types of predominant leaf) and 16 formations (based on moisture regime and predominant taxa). And, the scheme dealt completely with the diverse nomenclatures of vegetation types in the past.

为建立植群亚模型，首先依「整合大量样区资料，由下而上的低阶植相聚类」之途径，设计建档程序及转档程式，成功整并不同来源之585个样区资料，但因样区数目不足且分布不均，分析结果未能显示出台湾完整的植群类型；故转循「预先设定植群类型，由上而下的高阶形相分类」之途径，经参考他国植群分类系统及台湾、东亚植群分类研究报告，订定分类原则及架构，提出4阶层之潜在植群形相分类方案：(1)寒原、森林2类群系纲；(2)亚寒带、冷温带、凉温带、暖温带、亚热带5类群系亚纲；(3) 8类群系组表徵优势植群之叶片的物候与形态；(4) 16类群系说明其水分境制及优势分类群；此方案统一处理了过去各种有关植群划分之纷岐名制，方案之各阶植群类型亦即本研究之植群亚模型。

The taxonomic system is very different from the one used widespreadly by foreign scholars. The taxonomic status and the phylogentic relationships among the five families Catantopidae, Acrididae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae is the main controversy. In order to provide enough proofs for improving the taxonomic system, it is necessary to study the phylogeny of five families of Acridoidea based on molecular markers.

但此分类系统与国外所用的分类系统差别较大，争论的焦点在于斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科的分类地位及其相互关系，因此我们从分子水平上探讨这5科的系统发育关系，为完善蝗总科分类系统提供一些必要的证据。

On the basis of the results obtained in the present study, the opinion on bamboo evolution were proposed:(1) Bamboos are monophyletic group,(2) Unicaespitose bamboo are not the original bamboo group,(3) Bamboos of genus Arundinaria are multiphyletic group, and (4) Bamboos of genus Phyllostachys are multiphyletic group.

同时对竹类植物分类系统提出新的看法：(1)在目前生殖体特征仍不完全的情况下，以地下茎为基础建立竹子分类系统或对现有分类系统进行修订是合理的，需要对地下茎进行更为详尽的研究并辅以地上秆的高度等方面的信息；(2)青篱竹属复合群中的现有划分方法可依据分子进化研究的结果作适当调整，如可依据MOC1分析的结果划分为低矮灌木、较高灌木和乔木3种类型。

In order to further study the systematics and evolution of the family Hamamelidaceae, the five modern different classification systems of this family published by Harms (1930), Chang Hung-ta (1973,1979), Bogle et al.(1980), Endress (1989) and Li Jianhua (Li, 1997) are compared and discussed by the author based on the principle and method of study plant systematics.

为了进一步研究金缕梅科的系统与进化，作者详细介绍了该科的分类历史及各个分类系统；根据现代植物系统学研究的原理和方法，着重对金缕梅科的5个现代主要分类系统，Harms (1930)，张宏达(1973，1979)， Bogle et al。

The objective of this course is to introduce taxonomic characters and phylogeny during each orders of Class Insecta. Lectures include the history, catalogue, nomenclature, identification, description, type specimen, external morphological characters of 32 orders, systematic, phylogeny and theory of entomo-taxonomy.

本课程主要介绍昆虫纲各目的分类特徵及分类系统；课程内容包括昆虫分类学之发展史、分类阶层、昆虫命名、昆虫鉴定、特徵描述、模式标本、32目各目之外表形态构造及其诊断鉴定特徵、分类系统及分类学说等。

The taxonomic system is very different from the one used widespreadly by foreign scholars.

但此分类系统与国外所用的分类系统差别较大，争论的焦点在于斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科的分类地位及其相互关系，因此我们从分子水平上探讨这5科的系统发育关系，为完善蝗总科分类系统提供一些必要的证据。

This paper designs the automatic text categorization system of public security information based on Support Vector Machine,according to the requirements of public security information.This system not only distinguishes the text classification automatically,but also retrains the features information at different stages of the categorization process.It will support the further information procession.Meanwhile,this system reduces the coupling degree of the subcomponents,provides the flexible system structure,and improves the adaptability of system.

根据公安情报分类系统的需求，设计了基于支持向量机的公安情报分类系统，该系统不仅能够实现情报文本的自动分类，而且能够保留在情报文本分类的不同阶段语料的特征信息，为情报信息的进一步加工处理提供支持，同时系统中各模块间采用松耦合的方式衔接，提高了系统的适应性和灵活性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。