分类空间

Spatial data;Spatial interpolation;Estimated point;Classification;Arithmetic

空间数据；空间插值；参估点；分类；算法

Firstly, the distance between stocks are calculated by using prices of stocks, and subdominant ultra-metric space by associating the minimum spanning tree of portfolio. Secondly, the subdominant ultra-metric space to the chart of index hierarchical structure is transformed, and finally the distribution of style is gained. Using sample of Shanghai Stock 50 Index from 2004 to 2007, the demonstration result shows that style of industry is more prominent horizontally, especially in the bank and steel industries. The style of region and cross holding also exists. And after the reform of non-tradable shares, style of industry becomes more obvious vertically and more other styles also occur.

首先利用股票价格计算出股间距离，并采用关联该证券组合的最小生成树优化方法，从而得到亚超度量空间；其次将此亚超度量空间转换成指数分层结构树图，最后得到风格的分布特征。2004~2007年的上证50实证结果表明：横向来看以行业分类的风格较为显著，其中以银行和钢铁也最为明显，此外还有与地区差异、交叉持股相关的风格效应显现；纵向则在股改后行业风格效应更显著，其它的风格也显现得更多。

By constructing different quotient spaces,using the method of symplectic geometry,the self-adjoint extensions of symmetric differential operators in the direct sum spaces for the different deficiency indices at(2,2)singular points was discussed. The classification and description of complete Lagrangian submanifold that correspond with self-adjoint domains of second order differential operators were given.

由于对称微分算子在端点处的亏指数取值情况不同，当微分算子在端点处的亏指数均取(2， 2)时，通过构造商空间，应用辛几何的方法讨论了直和空间的对称微分算子的自共轭扩张问题，并给出了与二阶微分算子自共轭域相对应的完全Lagrangian子流型的分类与描述。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

From intergrating model the general forest ecological economic structure classified by equal interval analysis spatial heterogenicity of the forest ecological benefit economic structure to create money gross of GIS spatial graphic distribution and statistics histogram, described the ecological benefit, and dynamics analyse the forest ecological benefits in last ninty years.

从广义森林生态效益经济结构汇总模型出发、按等间隔的分类标准作出森林生态效益货币总量的GIS空间分布图及其统计直方图，进行森林生态效益经济结构的空间异质性分析，划分黑龙江省森林生态效益的主产区，进行了森林生态效益的跨度近90年的动态分析。

This model uses nonlinear mapping to map samples into high dimensional feature space, and compares the distribution of each type of samples in the high dimensional space. So that a binary decision tree is constructed through clustering, which can make the more separable classes classified at the upper node of the binary decision tree. The model overcomes the accumulation of misclassification and avoids the condition of impartibility efficiently. At the same time, each node of decision tree uses binary least squares wavelet support vector machine to obtain higher generalization ability.

该模型利用非线性映射将样本投影到高维特征空间，比较每类样本在高维空间的分布情况，进行聚类构造出一个二叉决策树，使容易区分的类别从根节点逐层分类出来，有效克服了错分积累和避免不可分情况；同时，各个节点采用二值最小二乘小波支持向量机，以获得较高的泛化能力。

Although any unimodality type partially expresses limited semantics less or more, video semantics are fully manifested only by interaction and integration of any unimodal. Video data comprises plentiful semantics, such as people, scene, object ,event and story, etc. A great deal of research has been focused on utilizing multi-modality features for better understanding of video semantics. Proposed in this paper is a new approach to detect semantic concepts in video using co-occurrence data embedding, SimFusion, and locality preserving projections from temporal associated co-occurring multimodal media data in video.

该方法对所提取视频镜头的多模态底层特征，根据共生数据嵌入(co-occurrence data embedding)和相似度融合进行多模态子空间相关性传递而得到镜头之间的相似度关系，接着通过局部不变投影(locality preserving projections)对原始数据进行降维以获得低维语义空间内的坐标，再利用标注信息训练分类模型，从而可对训练集外的测试数据进行语义概念检测，实现视频语义信息挖掘。

In degraded PSM matching classification, errors modification method of degraded PSM is presented and the matching tensor of every canonical scattering centers is given. In Chapter 4, the theory of wideband millimeter-wave radar target identification is introduced. It is indicated that, for HR radar target identification, description of temoral relations among features and pattern recogntion adaptive to variation of target angles are of key importance. A rule-based pattern recogniton method of sequential reasoning is proposed, which uses a series of rules to describe relations of features variation caused by target angles variation and has the advantages of adaption to unrandom variation and false probability control in classification over traditional statistical pattern recognitiop method. Feature extraction is crucial step in target identification. In range profiles identification application, features are extracted by means of range domain pre-processing algorithm, spacial and amplitude visual computation directly from range profiles and transform algorithm based on range profiles. Visual or transformed features are either sufficiently convinced or necessarily convinced and both of them are effective and robust to range profiles identification.

在第四章，首先对宽带毫米波体制背景下目标识别方法的一些特点进行了阐述并指出，在毫米波雷达目标识别中，特征之间动态关系的描述以及能适应目标姿态角变化的模式识别方法的研究乃是要解决的关键问题；进而提出了一种基于规则库的序贯推理模式识别新方法，在这种方法的研究中，主要包括序贯推理规则库的规则排列与特征选用顺序以及规则库的收敛等问题；这种方法克服了传统的统计模式识别方法特征利用效率不高、难以适应特征值的非随机性变化的缺点，把姿态角变化所引起的特征的变化用一系列规则加以表示，其优点是能适应特征值的非随机性动态变化，并能控制分类过程中的差错概率α；特征抽取是目标识别中的关键步骤，在基于目标距离像的特征抽取方法研究中，提出了距离空间域的预处理算法、距离空间域与幅度域的直观特征抽取方法以及基于目标距离像变换分析的特征抽取方法。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的&瓶子模型&，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了&缝洞单元&的概念，并制定了&缝洞单元&纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对&缝洞单元&进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

But, such a vectorization will bring three potential problems at least:① Some implicit structural or contextual information may be corrupted;②the higher the dimension of input pattern, the more space are needed for storing weight vector;③When the dimension of pattern is very high and the sample size is small, linear classifier tends to be overstrained.

但如此至少会带来3个不足：①原有矩阵模式的空间或结构信息可能会遭到破坏；②由于权向量的维数等于输入模式的维数，当输入模式维数很大时，权值的存储空间相应地会很大；③对于大维数的模式，当样本数不多时，利用线性分类器易导致过拟合。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。