分生孢子的

The results showed the growth of pathogen was the fastest at 30℃,the average value of conidium was 18.6μm×5.0μm,ascospore was 16.9μm×4.1μm,the growth of hyphae on PDA was divided into two types.

结果表明30℃最有利于病菌的生长，分生孢子平均18.6μm×5.0μm，子囊孢子16.9μm×4.1μm，菌丝体在PDA培养基上的生长分二种类型。

A prefix is often added, providing information as to the nature of the spore, for example conidiospores arise on a conidium, megaspores and microspores are the larger and smaller spores produced by heterosporous plants, etc.

此词前常有前缀修饰，用以提供含孢子特征的信息。例如 conidiospores 源于分生孢子， megaspores 和 microspores 是大孢子和小孢子，由具异型孢子体的植物体产生。

The most feasible temperature for mycelial growth is 28~3TC and for conidial germination is 31~34癈; The most fitting pH for mycelial growth and conidial germination is 5~6;12 hours light and 12 hours dark by turns is benefit for mycelial growth, while light and dark have no influence on conidial germination, but ultraviolet radiation can kill the conidium?

其中最适于病原菌菌丝生长的温度为28～31℃，pH为5～6，12小时光暗交替有利于菌丝的生长。最适于病原菌分生孢子萌发的温度为31～34℃，pH为5～6，光照对孢子萌发没有显著影响，紫外光对孢子有杀伤作用，随着紫外光照射时间的增长，对孢子的杀伤力加大。

Order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium.

半知菌的一个目，缺少分生子柄或有分生子柄，生在表面，但不包含在分生孢子器内。

The test established optimal conditions for producing pycnidium that optimal medium was corn powder,optimal temperature was 25-30℃,optimal pH was 7-8.UV irradiation induced the forming of pycnidium.

最适合草茎点霉SYAU-06菌株形成分生孢子器的培养基为玉米粉培养基；最适温度为25-30℃，最适pH为7-8，而且光照有利于产孢，适量的紫外线照射可诱导分生孢子器的形成。

The citric acid-producing strain Aspergillus niger 2363-2, was isolated and used in our research. The fermentation conditions were optimized as follows: sucrose as carbon source 8. 0-14. 0%, ammonium chloride as nitrogen source 3. 0-4. 0g/l, initial pH 2. 0, and cultural temperature 30℃. The influential factors of formation of spores were also studied, and a series of measures were taken to restrain the spore formation on the basis of our experimental results. With the consideration of the cultural environment and microbial cell itself, the factors affecting the duration of citric acid-producing activity of microbial cells were examined, and it is found that undissociated citric acid and the ageing of microbial cells are the main factors. The experimental results also show that partial replacement of fermentation broth can lengthen the duration of citric acid -producing acitivity of microbial cells.

筛选出了用于试验研究的柠檬酸发酵用菌Aspergillus niger 2363-2，确定了其最适发酵条件—碳源选用蔗糖，浓度8.0~14.0%，氮源为NH〓Cl，浓度3.0~4.0g/l，发酵初始pH值为2.0，培养温度30℃；讨论了分生孢子产生的影响因素，并通过试验提出了抑制分生孢子产生的措施；从分析微生物所处的环境和微生物本身两个方面出发，探讨了影响微生物菌体产酸活性持久性的因素，认为分子态柠檬酸和菌体本身的老化是影响微生物产酸活性持久性的两个主要因素，并提出采用部分置换发酵液发酵能延长微生物菌体的产酸活性。

We examined the infection of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus via electron microscopy scan and pathogenicity of P. fumosoroseus conidia powder, conidia suspension liquid and conidia broth. Results show more conidia in acanthoid surface topography than in spinous surface topography.

采用扫描电镜观察玫烟色拟青霉分生孢子在小菜蛾幼虫体表的萌发和侵染过程及玫烟色拟青霉孢子粉、孢子悬浮液和孢子培养液对小菜蛾幼虫的致病力。

The fungus may be dispersed as fragments of mycelium, conidia, aluerioconidia, or ascospores; aluerioconidia are probably the most common survival units becausethey are thick-walled and durable.

真菌可以用菌丝片段，分生孢子，厚垣孢子或子囊孢子进行传播；厚垣孢子很可能是最普通的生存单元，因为他们厚壁和坚固。

Additionally, the growth of the pathogen was obviously affected by cultural media. The morphological characters such as colony color and diameter, and production of fruit body of the fungus growing on PDA, 10% V8, apple leaves dextrose agar and apple leaves extraction dextrose agar media were different. The fungus formed colonies of about 8mm in diameter and did not produce fruit bodies and aerial hyphae in 1 month incubation on PDA. However it formed the similar size colonies as on PDA and produced fruit bodies and aerial hyphae on 10% V8 and LDA media in the same incubation period. Very small colonies (2mm in diameter) and fruit bodies were found on LEDA media in the same incubation condition. These results indicated that successful isolation of M. coronaria from apple leaves depended on suitable isolation method and cultural media as well as fresh samples.

不同培养基上菌落形态、大小和产孢情况差异也很大，培养1个月（25℃）后PDA上菌落黑褐色隆起，表面蚯蚓粪状，无气生菌丝，无子实体和基内菌丝；10% V8培养基上菌落中央隆起，黑褐色，表面生少量气生菌丝，边缘放射状，基内菌丝深褐色，有子实体；苹果叶片葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落平坦，黄褐色，表面生茂密的金黄色气生菌丝，基内菌丝深褐色，有子实体；苹果叶片煎汁葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落有明显的不规则隆起，黄褐色至黑褐色，表面生少许气生菌丝，菌落生长缓慢，无基内菌丝，分生孢子盘菌落表面生，菌落直径仅2mm左右，而在其他培养基上的菌落直径可达6－8mm，说明培养基质、分离方法均对苹果盘二孢的分离培养和生长发育有明显的影响。

Turgor pressure builds up inside the appressorium,forcing a penetration peg into the plant tissues;this is then followed by invasive growth and eventurally conidiation of the fungus.

该菌侵染循环过程经历了分生孢子与植物表面接触、萌发、附着胞分化、侵入栓的形成以及侵染生长，并最终产生新的分生孢子导致新一轮的病害循环。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。