分生孢子的

The studies on biological characteristic revealed that the optimal temperature for the mycelial growth was 25~30℃, and the optimal pH for mycelial growth was pH 5~7. Among carbon and nitrogen sources, sucrose and calcium nitrate were best for mycelial growth. The lethal temperature for mycelial growth and spores gemination were respectively 55℃ and 60℃ for 10 min.

affinis引起草坪型高羊茅叶斑病在我国的首次报道；生物学特性的研究表明，该菌菌丝生长的最适温度为25~30℃，最适pH范围为6~7，最适碳源为蔗糖，最适氮源为Ca(NO3)2；菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度分别为55℃ 10 min和60℃ 10 min。

Pathogens were isolated from diseased leaves of Atractylodes in Xiaochang county of Hubei province. Firstly, we pathogenicity test was conducted based on Kochs rule. Secondly, we described the morphological characteristics of the conidia, conidiophore and beak of the pathogens growing on diseased leaf land PCA.

从湖北省孝昌县苍术种植基地的发病植株叶片上分离得到菌株，根据柯赫氏法则对分离自发病叶片的菌株进行致病性测定，然后描述了寄主发病叶片以及PCA培养基上分生孢子、分生孢子梗及喙的形态，测量其大小，观察分生孢子链的形状。

In this research, swainsonine contents of three Oxytropis species were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The population genetic diversity was also studied and the swainsonine related molecular markers were screened by ISSR. In vitro fungi cultures from the individual plant of O. glabra were performed and microbiological morphology of the colony and the conidiophore were investigated. The 5.8S rDNA/ITS sequences of fungi amplified from total DNA in both plants and fungal endophytes were studied. These sequences were analysed and compared, and they were also compared to the 5.8S rDNA/ITS sequence of fungal enduphyte Embellisia sp. L12 from the O.lambertii, O.sericea and A.mollisimus distributed in USA.

本研究采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定了三种棘豆植物的苦马豆素含量；通过ISSR分子标记技术对三种棘豆种群遗传多样性及其苦马豆素相关标记进行了研究；将小花棘豆植物单株进行体外真菌培养，研究了菌落和分生孢子的微生物形态学特性，从植物总DNA和相同植株培养的真菌总DNA扩增真菌的5.8SrDNA/ITS区，进行了DNA序列分析与排序；联系单株小花棘豆的苦马豆素含量测定和内生真菌ITS序列分析结果，与从美国分布的二种棘豆(O.lambertii、O.sericea)和一种黄芪(A.mollisimus)中分离的内生真菌埃里砖格孢属Embellisia sp.L12株得到的结果进行了比较。

The results showed that conidia were thin -walled and smooth to thick walled and verrucose; fat bodies accumulated gradually in both conidium and conidiogenous cell, and finally laid over the inner wall of conidium and disappeared in conidiogenous cell.

分生孢子发育的超微结构研究表明，分生孢子壁的发育是有个由薄而光滑到厚而有疣的过程；期间脂肪体在分生孢子和产孢细胞中不断累积，最后脂肪体沿着内壁排列成一层。

The diseased leaf rate and the disease index were related closely to temperature, humidity and illumination etc. The study also showed that the conidium germinating of Pestalotiopsis versicolor started after inoculated for four hours and germinated well at pH5 to pH7. In addition, there was great appetency between the pathogen and the tea trees because the conidia germinated well on tea leaves rather than other habitats obviously.

在茶树叶面上，病原菌分生孢子萌发明显比非叶面条件下好，病原菌菌丝生长较快，说明此病原菌与茶树叶片有高度的亲和力和较强的适应茶树叶面微环境的能力；茶树轮斑病病原菌分生孢子在pH5~7范围内萌发及芽管伸长较好，pH过小或过大均不利于病原菌的分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长。

In order to understand the biology of apple ring spot fungi further and solve the problem of less conidiophores generated during their inducing culture in vitro, it was studied that the effect of culture medium pH, incubation temperature, light sources, and light regiment on growth of mycelia and generation of conidiophores, and the removing of mycelia on generation of conidiophores.

为进一步了解苹果轮纹病菌的生物学特性，解决其在离体培养条件下产生分生孢子很少的问题，研究了培养基pH值、培养温度、光源和光照条件对菌丝体生长和分生孢子发生的影响以及刮除菌丝体对分生孢子发生的影响。

Immunogold labeling demonstrated that there was no chitin and cellulose in young and thin conidial walls; chitin appeared in the well-developed wall in later stage of conidial development and little cellulose, however, was detectable in the wall of mature conidia.

免疫金标记结果显示，幼嫩的分生孢子壁中缺乏几丁质和纤维素，只有在成熟的分生孢子壁中含有几丁质；出乎意料的是在成熟分生孢子中发现有少量纤维素的存在。

The above results can summarize the function of STK1: insignificant effect on mycelium development and growth but related to the pigment accumulation in hypha; key factor regulating the conidial development; related to the HT-toxin activity and pathogenicity.

结论推测，STK1基因对玉米大斑病菌菌丝的生长发育没有影响，但可能与菌丝中色素等物质的积累有关，并调控病菌分生孢子的发育、HT-毒素的活性和致病性。

Bipolaris sorokiniana may affect turf grass to cause leaf spot, bud rot, seedling blight, root rot, sheath rot. The temperature range of colony growth is 10～40℃, the optimum 25℃. Conidia can germinate in the temperature range of 20～35℃, and germinate best at 28℃; Conidia germinate well on slide water surface, contrary to other different methods, and they can germinate well under given air condition, but germination is not strict with nutrition. The inhibiting test of 8 kinds of fungicide showed Sporgon 50WP was most effective, and the inhibiting effect of the others was well to the conidia germination.

Bipolaris sorokiniana能浸染草坪禾草叶片形成梭形病斑，并可导致芽腐、苗枯、根腐、茎基腐、鞘腐等症状；病原菌在10～40℃下能够生长，最适生长温度为25℃；病原菌分生孢子在不同萌发条件中以水平萌发较好；分生孢子萌发需要空气条件，但对营养要求不严格；在20～35℃下分生孢子均可萌发，以28℃下萌发最好；八种不同药剂对病原菌的抑制效果表明，50%施保功可湿性粉剂1500倍液效果较好，其抑菌圈直径和抑制分生孢子萌发率分别为46.2mm和81.3%，其他几种药剂对孢子萌发也有较好的抑制作用。

To obligatory pathogens like Pseudoperonospron cubensis, it could not only hold back the infection of hypha,but also heal the spot where infected by hypha.(8)The study on mechanism of action showed that the crude extract of S-5210 had a strong inhibition of the mycelia growth and spore germination which led to some abnormal growth such as the twisted and inflated mycelia, the abnormal increased branching, the broken mycelia wall and leakage of cytoplasm from hyphal tips.Alao the spores and the rate of germination were decreased, the germ tube was malformed in shape et al.The pathogenicity of hypha and spore was weakened.

8S-5210 活性产物的拮抗机理初步研究表明：S-5210 粗提物能强烈抑制病原菌菌丝的生长和孢子的萌发，引起病原菌菌丝扭曲或膨大、分枝增多、分枝顶端细胞壁破裂、原生质外溢；分生孢子数减少，孢子萌发率降低，芽管畸形等异常现象；菌丝和分生孢子致病性减弱。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。