分枝的

Pasteurization, which is often used for milk or waste milk, can be used to reduce bacteria levels and has been shown to be very effective at killing a variety of pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella, E. coli, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium californicum, Mycobacterium bovis, and Listeria monocytogenes.

巴氏灭菌常使用于牛奶或牛奶废料，它可以用来降低细菌水平，并已被证明能有效的杀死多种致病细菌，其中包括沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、副结核分枝杆菌亚种、californicum分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌和李斯特菌。

In chapter 3,we dig out two families of invariant quartic curves of a quadratic system.

第五章讨论向量场具有对称中心的二次系统，利用系统的不变双曲线及不变四次曲线，我们确定了一个对应极限环（1.1）分布的二维参数区域，其边界的构成为如下几种常见的极限环分枝：霍夫分析，庞加莱分枝，同宿分枝和异宿分枝。

Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, subequal in size; stipules lanceolate, 7-10 mm; petiole 1.5-6(-10) cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade dark green or black when dry, oblate to 5-angled or oblate to orbicular-ovate, often ovate in upper stems, 8-12(-18)× 7-14(-22) cm, papery, secondary veins 2 pairs along midvein, abaxial surface densely pubescent along veins and veinlets, adaxial surface roughish, densely strigose, base truncate, subcordate, or broadly cuneate, margin coarsely 8-12-dentate, teeth gradually larger distally, often biserrate apically, apex 3-cusped or lobed, tip serrulate. Glomerules on axillary spikelike flowering branches, male branches often branched, 8-17 cm; female spikes distal, unbranched or branched, 5.5-24 cm.

叶对生或很少互生，大小近等；托叶披针形，7-10毫米；叶柄1.5-6(-10)厘米，密被短柔毛；叶片深绿色或黑色的干燥时，扁球形到具5个角或扁球形的到圆形卵形的，通常在上面茎内卵形的， 8-12(-18)* 7-14(-22)厘米，纸质，次脉2 对沿中脉，背面密被短柔毛的沿脉和细脉，正面微糙，密被糙伏毛，基部截形，近心形，或宽楔形，团伞花序在腋生的穗状的花枝，雄性分枝通常分枝，8-17厘米的；雌性穗状花序上部，不分枝或分枝，-24 厘米。

Leaves 3 or 4(–8) per ultimate branch; sheath densely deciduously setose; auricles readily deciduous, falcate; oral setae radiate, purple, ca. 3 mm; ligule prominent, ca. 5 mm; blade lanceolate, 10–23 ×(1–)2.5–3.3 cm, secondary veins 7- or 8-paired, abaxially yellow-green and white tomentellate, adaxially light green and glabrous, base asymmetrically cuneate, margins serrulate.

每末级的分枝的叶3或4(-8)；鞘浓密具刚毛的脱落的；叶耳容易落叶，镰刀形；口头的刚毛辐射状，变紫，约3毫米；杰出的叶舌，约5毫米；叶片披针形， 10-23 *(1-)2.5-3.3 厘米，次脉7-或8配对，背面的黄绿色和白色短绒毛，正面和无毛的淡绿，不对称的楔形的基部，边缘有细锯齿。

In this study we build a Mycobacterium marinum random mutant libratory with MycoMarT7 transposon phage, found two cell wall virulence genes with colony morphology and cording structure strategy and build up virulence detection system in cell and animal model. We concluded that PDIM is critical for the virulence of Mycobacterium marinum.

本课题利用MycoMarT7噬菌体建立了海分枝杆菌随机突变库，以海分枝杆菌为模型筛选出两个分枝杆菌细胞壁毒力相关基因，并建立了海分枝杆菌的毒力检测系统，发现PDIM在海分枝杆菌的致病性中起到重要重要的作用。

Culms forming large clumps, erect, 10–50(–120) cm tall, 3–35 mm in diam. Leaf sheaths mostly longer than internodes, smooth; leaf blades linear, flat or inrolled upward, 10–45 × 0.7–1.5 cm, smooth, apex fine, hard, upper blades usually patent; ligule 2–3 mm. Racemes racemosely arranged, 2–6(–12), 7–23 cm, stiff, erect or slightly spreading; spikelets closely overlapping; rachis terminating in a hard bristle up to 5 cm. Spikelets 12–21 mm, pubescent; lower glume 2/3–4/5 as long as spikelet, acute; upper glume lanceolate-oblong, as long as spikelet, acute; lemma lanceolate-oblong, ca. 1 cm, keel scaberulous, pubescent, entirely or in upper half; palea slightly longer than lemma.

形成的秆大丛生，直立，(-120)厘米高，多数叶鞘3-35毫米直径长于，平滑；叶片线形，公寓或向上， 10-45 * 0.7-1.5 厘米，平滑，先端细，硬，上面的叶片通常开展；安排的2-3毫米外消旋体总状分枝的叶舌，2-6(-12)，7-23厘米，硬，直立或者稍开展；小穗接近重叠；轴终止在一难的硬毛可达5 厘米小穗12-21毫米，青春期；更低的颖片2/3-4/5倍于小穗，锐尖；上面颖片披针形长圆形，倍于小穗，锐尖；外稃披针形长圆形，约1厘米，微糙，青春期的龙骨，完全或者在上半部；稍微的内稃长于外稃。

Leaves alternate; stipules lanceolate, 4-8 mm; petiole 2-11(-13) cm, pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, oblong or subelliptic,(5-)9-21 × 2.5-10 cm, papery, slightly rough, secondary veins 3 or 4 pairs along midvein, abaxial surface strigillose or pubescent on veins, rarely glabrous, adaxial surface sparsely appressed strigillose or glabrous, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or obtuse, margin denticulate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Glomerules usually unisexual, sometimes bisexual, in the axils of current and fallen leaves along normal leafy stems, 4-10 mm in diam.; male ones on proximal part of flower-bearing branches; female ones on distal part.

叶互生 托叶披针形，4-8毫米；叶柄2-11(-13)厘米，被短柔毛或无毛；叶片卵形，椭圆形，长方形或，( 5-)9-21 * 2.5-10 厘米，纸质，粗糙的稍，次脉3或4 对沿中脉，背面具短糙伏毛的或短柔毛在脉上，很少无毛，正面疏生贴伏具短糙伏毛的或无毛，通常单性的团伞花序，有时两性，在正常生叶的茎的叶和脱落叶的腋内，直径4-10毫米；在忍受花的分枝的下部上的雄性的；在上部上的雌性的。

With increasing altitude,pollen numberdecreased and length of stylar ramification increased gradually.Increased stylarramification of plants of Saussurea with increasing altitude has importantadaptive significance of evolutionary ecology.It ensured sexsual reproductivesuccess,provided a foundation of hereditary variation and increased specificdiversity.In addition,asexsual reproduction of most species of Saussurea assuredindividual quantity.

根据我们调查，生活在青藏高原东缘的多数风毛菊属植物都具有无性繁殖方式，它保证了风毛菊属植物物种的个体数量，而花柱分枝的变长保证了风毛菊属植物的有性繁殖成功，为风毛菊属植物在该地区的进化提供了遗传变异的基础，增加了风毛菊属植物的物种多样性，使得风毛菊属植物的多数物种都成为该地区的常见种，也可能是青藏高原地区是风毛菊属植物的现代分布中心的原因之一。19。

The fusion DNA fragments of ag85b-mpb64 and ag85b-mpb64-esat-6 were obtained by PCR andSOE technique. Various DNA vaccines were constructed with the pcDNA3.1: fusion of two genes, and of three genes, bivalent combinations and trivalent combinations(pCA+pCM+pCE6). BALB/c mice were vaccinated with this DNA vaccines.The mice injected withBCG were positive control and the mice injected with pCDNA3.1 and PBS were negative control.The mice were immunized 3 times with 2-wk intervals. The animals in group BCG were only inoculatedsubcutaneously with 1×10~6 CFU BCG at initial vaccination. The serum IgG titers and IgG isotype weredetermined using iELISA coated with M. bovis PPD and rMAE protein expressed and depurated inprokaryotic expression system every week.

同样，利用PCR和SOE技术，获得牛分枝杆菌mpb64-ag85b和mpb64-ag85b-esat-6融合基因，以pCDNA3.1为载体构建了牛分枝杆菌多价组合和多基因融合DNA疫苗：二基因融合(pCDNA3.1-MPB64-Ag85B，简称pCMA)和三基因融合(pCDNA3.1-MPB64-Ag85B-ESAT-6，简称pCMAE)DNA疫苗；二价组合和三价组合(pCA+pCM+pCE6)DNA疫苗，免疫BALB／c小鼠，以牛分枝杆菌BCG免疫组为阳性对照，以pCDNA3.1及PBS免疫组为阴性对照，共免疫3次，每次间隔2周，BCG组仅初免时皮下免疫1次。1免后每周，以原核表达纯化的重组MPB64-Ag85B-ESAT-6蛋白和牛分枝杆菌PPD为包被抗原，以间接ELISA方法检测血清IgG水平及lgG亚类。

After the microscope through the cultivation of detection, slender hyphae, bifurcation, and short stem hyphae collateral for its health or the alternate on the branch, the branch can continue to branch, forming two, three branch , is the end of vase-shaped branching stems, spores observed liquid spherical sporangium producers body, the formation of conidia oval eggs, smooth-walled.

通过培养后显微镜观察检测，菌丝细长、分叉多，梗为菌丝的短侧枝，其上对生或互生分枝，分枝上又可继续分枝，形成2级，3级分枝，分枝末端即为瓶状梗，孢子液制片观察到球形孢子囊体，分生孢子卵形成椭圆形，壁光滑。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。