分析镜

Methods One case of ureteric and another one of urocystic mioropapillary carcinoma were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining and their clinical features analyzed.

对2例具有特殊临床病理特征的输尿管和膀胱微乳头型癌作光镜和免疫组化染色观察，结合临床资料进行分析。

Methods 5 cases of ureterolith street with complicating acute renal failure were treated by emergency ureteroscopic lithotripsy and double-J tubes indwelling.

对5例输尿管石街并发急性肾功能衰竭采用急诊输尿管镜弹道碎石术治疗的患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。

Methods Retrospective analysis was taken to analyze the clinical data of persons who were treated with retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy.

对采用后腹腔镜治疗输尿管中上段结石患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。

Methods: The twenty one cases by retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and 20 cases by open ureterolithotomy were reviewed retrospectively.

回顾性分析21例后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术和20例开放性输尿管切开取石术患者的临床资料，比较两组手术时间、手术并发症、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后使用抗生素时间、术后拔除引流管时间、术后拔除导尿管时间、术后住院时间、总住院费。

Methods The clinical data of 96 cases received laparosxopic ureterolithotomy and 62 cases received open ureterolithotomy were retrospectively analyzed. Operating time, amount of bleeding during operation, recovery of intestinal function after operation, the operation cost, aching degree after operation, total cost of hospitalization and complications were compared between group A and group B.

回顾分析腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术96例及开放性输尿管上段切开取石术62例的临床资料，比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复情况、术后下床活动时间、术后住院天数、住院总费用、术后疼痛程度、术后并发症等指标。

Methods The clinical data of 12 patients from Mar 1993 to Jun 2008 with retrocaval ureter were retrospectively analyzed. All the 12 cases were correctly diagnosed preoperatively via the combination of imaging examinations, such as ultrasonography intravenous pyelography、retrograde pyelography、CT or magnetic resonance urography. Ten patients received conventional open surgery and two received retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteral replacement and ureteroplasty.

总结分析1993年3月至2008年6月12例腔静脉后输尿管患者的临床资料。12例患者术前均经B超、静脉肾盂造影(intravenous pyelography， IVP)、逆行肾盂造影(retrograde pyelography， RP)、CT、磁共振尿路水成像(magnetic resonance urography， MRU)等影像学检查明确诊断，其中10例采用传统的开放手术，2例采用后腹腔镜下输尿管复位矫正术。

The therapeutic effect of HYJDT on glomerulosclerosis was observed by way of five aspects:(1) Effect on renal tissue morphology;(2) Effect on urine protein and blood creatinine and blood uria nitrogen ;(3) Effect on superoxide dismutase and malonydialdehyde in reual cortex;(4) Effect on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-l (TIMP-1) in glomerulus;(5) Effect on MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-lmRNA and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) mRAN in glomerulus.

用药治疗12周取肾，HE、PAS染色，在光镜下观察肾组织形态学变化，并在透射电镜下观察肾小球超微结构的变化。用半自动生化分析仪检测肾皮质匀浆中SOD活力、MDA含量。用免疫组化技术检测肾小球中MMP-9、TIMP-1的蛋白表达，用原位杂交技术检测MMP-9mRNA、TIMP-lmRNA、PAI-lmRNA的基因表达。免疫组化和原位杂交结果，采用计算机图象分析系统测量各自的平均吸光度。所有的实验数据均用SAS6.12统计软件包进行统计学处理。

Objective:To analyze the causes of urologic laparoscopy converted to open surgery.

目的：分析泌尿外科腹腔镜手术中转开放手术的原因。

Methods:The data of 81 patients received urologic laparoscopy from March 2004 to January 2006 were reviewed retrospectively.

回顾分析2004年3月至2006年1月泌尿外科腹腔镜手术81例的临床资料，其中5例（62％）中转开放手术。

Methods:The data of 81 patients receiving urologic laparoscopy from March 2004 to January 2006 were reviewed retrospectively.

回顾分析2004年3月至2006年1月泌尿外科腹腔镜手术81例的临床资料，其中5例（61％）中转开放手术。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。