分析镜

objective comparison of 120 example cervical wecretion directly smear and culture.methods one sterile swab directly smear;gram stain;bacterioscopy, others swabs inoculate chocolate plate;blood plate;shaborose plate;culturing 24 hours then identification.results ng and bv directly smear isolates rate higher than culture;butfung culture isolate rate higher than direct smear to bacterioscopy.conclusion cervical wecretion directly smear to bacterioscapy has rapidly and simply diagnostic value

摘 要］目的：比较120例妇科宫颈分泌物直接涂片镜检与培养结果的分析。方法：宫颈分泌物直接涂片、革兰染色、显微镜检与宫颈分泌物接种于巧克力板、血平板、沙氏板进行培养和鉴定。结果：对分泌物中的致病菌而言，g-双球菌和阴道加德纳菌的直接涂片镜检阳性率较培养高；霉菌的培养阳性率较直接涂片镜检率高。结论：妇科宫颈分泌物直接涂片镜检具有快速、直观、简便的诊断价值。

Methods Clinical data of 51 patients with PRF were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 51 cases, 12 were treated with the ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy and stenting after it, 29 with retrograde intubation under cystoscope, 10 with retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy.

对51例不同梗阻原因致肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的患者，采用急诊输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流（12例）、膀胱镜下逆行双J管插管（29例）、膀胱镜下逆行双J管插管联合经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流（10例）解除梗阻，回顾性分析其治疗效果。

Objective To investigate the clinical features, causes of blindness and diagnosis of Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome Methods The data of 157 patients with VKH syndrome were reviewed and analyzed Patients were carefully examined with slit lamp, ophthalmoscope, three mirror lens, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and HLA typing Results Headache was noted in 73 5% of these patients Simultaneous involvement of both eyes occurred in 80 8% of these patients Chroiditis,papilledema and edema of the retina adjacent to the optic nerve were noted in 100% of these patients in the posterior uveitis stage, whereas recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis (98 4%),"sunset glow" fundus (95 8%) and Dalen Fuchs nodules (71 2%) were the common ocular findings in the recurrent anterior uveitis stage The common causes of blindness were papillitis, exudative retinal detachment and complicated cataract in the posterior uveitis stage, anterior uveal involvement stage and its recurrent stage Poliosis (36 3%) and alopecia (35 0%) were the most common extraocular findings Early irregular patches of fluorescence, followed by localized hyperfluorescent spots were the typical findings of FFA Dilation of choroidal vessels and leakage of ICG from the choroidal vessels were the common ICGA findings The prevalence of HLA DR4 and HLA DRw53 in patients (54 9% and 71 8% respectively) was significantly higher than that in controls (14 7% and 38 2% respectively) Conclusions VKH syndrome is characterized by chroiditis, papillitis or neuroretinitis in the posterior uveitis stage, followed by a generalized uveitis with a typical recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis Extraocular findings and relevant examinations including FFA, ICGA and HLA typing are helpful to the diagnosis of VKH syndrome

目的探讨Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada综合征患者的临床特征、盲目原因及诊断等有关问题。方法对在1996年1月至2000年12月间就诊资料完整的157例VKH综合征患者进行回顾性分析，并对裂隙灯、眼底镜、三面镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography，ICGA)及人类白细胞抗原分型等检查结果进行分析。结果 VKH综合征最常见的前驱症状为头痛(102例，73.5%)，双眼同时患病118例(80.8%)；后葡萄膜炎期眼部主要表现为脉络膜炎、视乳头及附近视网膜水肿(100.0%)；前葡萄膜炎反复发作期眼部表现为复发性肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎(128例，98.4%)、晚霞状眼底改变(95.8%)及Dalen-Fuchs结节(71.2%)；后葡萄膜炎期、前葡萄膜受累期及前葡萄膜炎反复发作期导致盲目的主要原因分别为视乳头炎、视网膜脱离及并发性白内障；毛发变白(36.3%)及脱发(35.0%)是最常见的眼外表现；炎症活动期FFA典型表现为斑驳状高荧光，ICGA发现脉络膜血管扩张、通透性增高等改变；VKH综合征患者HLA-DR4及HLA-DRw53的阳性率(54.9%及71.8%)显著高于正常对照组(14.7%及38.2%)。结论 VKH综合征患者在后葡萄膜炎期眼部典型表现为双侧脉络膜炎、视乳头炎或神经视网膜炎，随后出现以反复发作的肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎为特征的全葡萄膜炎。眼外症状及相关的辅助检查包括FFA、ICGA 及HLA分型等有助于VKH综合征的诊断。

MRI of 36 cases with acute cartilage injury of knee confirmed by arthroscopy and arthrostomy were retrospectively analyzed, with emphasis on articular cartilage and subchondral lesion.

分析其中36例经关节镜或手术证实关节软骨损伤患者的膝关节MRI所见，着重观察关节软骨和软骨下骨的改变，并与关节镜和手术结果对照分析。

Mri of 36 cases with acute cartilage injury of knee confirmed by arthroscopy and arthrostomy were retrospectively analyzed, with emphasis on articular cartilage and subchondral lesion.

分析其中36例经关节镜或手术证实为关节软骨损伤患者的膝关节mri所见，着重观察关节软骨和软骨下骨的改变，并与关节镜和手术结果对照分析。

objective to evaluate the clinical value of early diagnosis and therapy of suspicious ectopic pregnancy by laparoscopy.methods the clinical data of 53 suspicious tubal pregnancy patients were analyzed retrospectively,who had received laparoscopic operation in our hospital from january 2003 to december 2005.results all cases received laparoscopic operation,none was transferred to traditional surgery during the operation.46 cases were diagnosed as tubal pregnancy during the operation with pathologic proof.preoperative diagnosis rate was 86.8%.the salpingecstomy were performed in the 32 cases.the salpingotomy were performed in the 7 cases.conclusion the laparoscopic operation is the best choice in the early diagnosis and therapy of suspicious ectopic pregnancy,and it gain time for conservative therapy.but not too early.

目的 评价可疑异位妊娠患者腹腔镜早期诊治的临床价值。方法收集2003年1月～2005年12月收治的经腹腔镜手术治疗的可疑输卵管妊娠患者53例资料进行回顾性分析。结果 53例手术均经腹腔镜完成，无1例中转，术中诊断输卵管妊娠的46例，术前诊断率86.8%，32例行输卵管切除术，7例行保守性手术。结论腹腔镜手术是早期确诊可疑异位妊娠患者的最佳选择，也为保守性治理赢得时间，但不宜操之过急。

Methods:Undergraduate students,postgraduate students and probationary students practised clipping soybean and making suturation and instrumental tie by using laparoscopic training system,then made statistical analysis two weeks later.

本科实习生组、研究生无腹腔镜操作经验组、本院进修医师无腹腔镜操作经验组，分别使用腹腔镜模拟训练系统练习镜下夹取黄豆、缝合及器械打结技术，2周后进行统计学分析。

The operation time, the volume of blood and rate of sickness afier operation among the group of transfixion on the parauteri, the group of freeing vessel and the group of associating perineum by laparoscope were compared.

回顾性分析23例腹腔镜下全子宫切除术中子宫静脉的处理方法、分析宫旁缝扎组与血管游离后处理组及腹腔镜联合阴式子宫切除组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后发病率。

The static analysis for the flat reflector of interferometer in unassembled and assembled is studied by finite element method, horizontal and vertical placement under gravity load is analyzed. The calculated PV and RMS values are used to determine whether the distortion and the structure of fixation are reasonable or not.

应用有限元方法对干涉仪的装配前后的平面反射镜进行了静力学分析，对其在重力作用下水平和垂直放置时进行了分析，通过计算镜面变形的PV值和RMS值来评价是否超差及固定反射镜的结构是否合理。

The visible spectrum of Mg-based alloy was studied with grating spectroscope and prism spectroscope based on simulated spectrum.

在计算机模拟基础上使用光栅看谱镜和棱镜看谱镜对镁合金基体及成分元素的可见光谱进行了分析，摄制了彩色图谱，研究了镁合金看谱分析方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。