分析上

Based on the early works, the C program language and the least square method were used to obtain the thermal viscoplastic constitutive equation.A mechanical thermal coupled model was created and DEFORM-2D was used to analyze the thermal and mechanical parameters' changing during the process of adiabatic shearing.

我们在所作的前期工作及国内外的研究成果的基础上，应用C语言程序实现了最小二乘法拟合热一粘塑性本构方程中待定参数的求解过程；在此基础上应用DEFORM 2D 有限元分析系统对，Ti-6A1-4V绝热剪切过程中的热一力变化历史进行了分析；在数值模拟结果的基础上，进行了再结晶动力学的分析与计算。

Based on the research results of Chaos theory, in this dissertation, it has made detailed analysis of the chaotic signal generator. Firstly, the characteristic and various detection methods of chaotic signal are recommended. Secondly, with the aid of software, such as MATLAB, PSPICE, EWB, etc, discussion of the process of generating chaotic signal proceeds. Through simulation, the output result of several kinds of chaotic circuit are analyzed and compared. Thirdly, aiming at Chuas chaotic circuit, through debugging, the impacts by components and parts in the circuit, such as operation amplifier, capacity, inductor, etc, has been further investigated. And then provides a new scheme to implement Lorenz chaotic system, the circuit design and analysis are presented in detail and it can be realized by the hardware of programmable arrays FPGA, the experimental results indicate that this scheme has the advantages of easy operation, flexible design and high efficiency. An application example in secure communications is also provided. Finally, through picking up the characteristic parameter-Lyapunov exponent of the Chaos we can analyze the performance of different chaotic signal generators.

本文在混沌理论研究成果的基础上，对混沌信号的产生做了详细的分析，涵盖以下内容：首先介绍了混沌的定义，混沌信号的基本特性和各种判别方法，特别是对简单的一维Logistic映射的硬件实现问题做了初步探索；其次对混沌信号的产生方法进行讨论，借助于MATLAB、PSPICE、EWB等仿真软件，对几种混沌电路输出的混沌信号进行了分析比较，并在此基础上针对典型三阶连续自治系统Chua's电路作进一步实验研究，通过混沌电路调试，深入研究电路中各元器件，特别是运算放大器、电容、电感等对混沌信号时域以及频谱的影响；再次研究连续混沌系统的数字化硬件产生，设计了Lorenz混沌电路在现场可编程门阵列FPGA上实现的新方案，在保密通信中的应用实验结果表明该方案具有操作简单、设计灵活、效率高等优点；最后针对不同混沌系统，采取不同算法，提取混沌特性参数Lyapunov指数，进而对不同的混沌信号发生器的性能进行了分析。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Chapter four, from an angle of external regulation, detailedly analyses the unique function of the information disclosure system and securities regulatory institution, with emphasis on the later.

全文分为四章：在第一章分析投资基金、利益冲突、关系人交易及法律控制等相关概念的基础上，后三章则系统地探讨了具体的法律举措，第二章是从信托法上和投资基金法上详细地讨论了忠实义务规则，第三章是从投资基金内部控制的角度，分别探讨了基金持有人会议、托管人、独立董事制度及基金持有人民事诉讼机制，第四章是从外部监管的角度分析了信息披露制度和证券监管机构的独特作用，特别是对后者进行了详细地分析和探讨。

Based on the researching of the economic and trade situation between China and ASEAN, this article analysis ASEAN and China's mutualism and frivolousness and also reveals the advantages of each other's trading according to the demonstration analysis to their industry competitive power. Then elicit a conclusion that it is more effect for mutualism than frivolousness.

本文在研究中国和东盟经济贸易状况的基础上，分析了中国与东盟经济的互补性和竞争性，并在对中国和东盟的产业竞争优势的实证分析的基础上，指出了中国与东盟各自的产业竞争力和贸易竞争优势，并在分析的基础上得出结论：中国与东盟竞争的一面远远小于互补的一面。

Aim at the reality of our country's construction market; the thesis discusses the need and pressure of establishing engineering insurance system. For the problems in developing engineering insurance market, the thesis gives advice on priority of choosing the type of insurance in China, by analyzing main risk in a project, using advanced experience of developed countries, and comparative research. Then, analyze the supervision of engineering insurance, and raise the point of designing the supervising system of it. This can protect its health development. At the same time, compare relative laws in this field in both China and other countries,then give suggestions on juristical problems of carrying out engineering insurance that should be solved immediately. It's the law protection of the system. At last, draw a conclusion at strategy and suggestion of establishing and carrying out the system.

本文针对目前我国建筑工程市场现存的问题，阐述推行工程保险的必要性和紧迫性；针对工程保险市场发展存在的问题，从主要的工程风险分析入手，借鉴国外发达国家的先进经验，在比较研究基础上，提出我国在险种选择和开展优先级别上的建议；在此基础上通过对工程保险监管的分析，提出构建我国工程保险监管制度的构想，从监管的角度为工程保险的发展提供良好的环境；同时再次运用比较的方法，从国内外工程保险相关法律异同分析，提出我国推行工程保险制度待解决的法律问题，为工程保险体系的构建提供法律保障；最后综合提出我国在推行构建工程保险制度的实施策略和建议。

In music structure, through the contract of the musical form structure of this work and the typical classical concerto musical form structure, it summarized the inheritance of classicism concerto structure and the personalized innovation of national style of this work, and emerged Chopin"s inheritance in concerto creation and his innovative spirit in this area. In melody, by centering the elaboration on the vocal and colorful melody, it fully displayed Chopin"s unique artistic style and distinct romanticized characteristic in melody creation. In rhythm, with the analysis of the third music movement"s rhythm, we could learn the rhythm of mazurka which penetrated the entire music movement and which had typical Poland national characteristics, the national characteristics of the work, and the primary form of characteristic rhythm. Furthermore, it revealed the national essence and the origin material in Chopin"s works. At last, in harmony, from the aspects of linearity and the sound thought of semitone, the counter-function harmony proceeding in breaking traditions, the harmony technique in function-extended, the charm in detuned chord, the blending of sound rhythm and music situation, it analyzed and summarized the distinct romanticism in harmony arranging in the work.

音乐结构上，通过作品曲式结构与古典协奏曲典型曲式结构的对比，总结作品对古典主义协奏曲结构的沿袭和民族风格的个性化创新，展现了肖邦在协奏曲创作的继承和创新精神；旋律上，主要围绕作品旋律的歌唱性和色彩性进行论述，充分展现肖邦在旋律创作上独特的艺术风格和鲜明的浪漫主义特征；节奏上，通过对第三乐章的节奏分析，展现了贯穿整个乐章的具有典型波兰民族特色的玛祖卡节奏，阐述作品的民族特色，并追溯特征节奏的原形，进一步揭示肖邦创作的民族本质和素材来源；和声上，从半音化的线性和声思维、突破传统的反功能和声进行、功能延伸式的和声手法、音阶化的转调模进手法、离调和弦的色彩魅力等几个方面入手，分析和总结了作品在和声运用上新颖、鲜明的浪漫主义特色。

Based on rail/wheel reaction and track/bride reaction theory and systems engineering theory, new vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are established and discussed in details, including ballast track model and ballastless track model. The characteristics of the models are:(1) vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are coupled in vertical and lateral;(2) track vibration on bridge is taken in account, track on bridge is considered as one or two layer continuous-point supported rail model, according to actual track structure, interaction between vehicle and bridge transfer from track structure;(3) three type of ballastless track models (tieembanked, elastic-tie-block, slab track) are presented;(4) models reflect the main feature of actual vehicle, track and bridge structure, the response computation frequency of models is relatively broad, which can be applied to analyze both low frequency and high frequency vibration.

基于轮轨相互作用和线桥相互作用特点，本文从系统工程角度出发建立了车辆、有碴轨道和无碴轨道、简支箱梁桥垂向和横向耦合系统动力分析模型，该系统模型具有以下特点：（1）车线、车线桥体系均考虑为垂向、横向耦合振动系统，车线间通过轮轨接触几何关系耦合，轨道与桥梁间通过轨道与梁体间的力与位移协调条件耦合；（2）充分考虑桥上线路在车线桥系统中参振作用，根据桥上线路轨道结构特点将桥上轨道结构模型具体化，即对桥上轨道结构视为多层支承体系，车桥间的动力作用通过轨道结构来传递；（3）建立了三种形式无碴轨道动力分析模型，即长轨枕埋入式、弹性支承块式和轨道板式无碴轨道模型；（4）系统模型详细，分析频带宽，适用范围较广。

The main work of this paper: Firstly, Basing on the summarization and analysis of the walking mechanism, Parallel drive five-bar mechanism is applied for walking mechanism. And then the characteristic of the trail and positive kinematics as well as reverse kinematics are discussed. Secondly, the model of walking mechanism is established according to Parallel drive five-bar mechanism, and then a figure planning is designed for the foot-end trail. The characteristics of the parallel drive are emphasized to research in this paragraph by the method of insert value. At last, the simulation is performed in the ADAMS to compare the real result to the theoretical value. Thirdly, a sealed structure of a Quadruped Walking Robot is designed and established. The whole control system, including motor, sensor and control circuit, is sealed in the robot. Walking is derived in the way of the shaft driving and the dynamic torque sensor is used to the surrounding conditions of the robot's foot-end to be the foundation of the robot's control. At last, the applying principle of the dynamic torque sensor is researched in detail basing on the traditional sensor of the walking robot. Moreover, the principle is divided into several sorts to discuss. Finally, simulation and verification of the monitor principle are come through in the Mechanism of the Pro/Engineer.

论文的主要工作有：在对传统步行机构总结分析的基础上，提出将平面并联五杆机构应用于四足步行机器人的腿部结构，并对其轨迹特性、正运动学、逆运动学特性做了详细计算分析；依据平面并联五杆机构的模型，建立机器人步行机构的实体模型，对其足端的轨迹做了图谱规划，并利用插值法对并联驱动端的特性曲线作了研究，并在ADAMS中进行仿真，将结果与理论值相比较；然后设计了一套四足步行机器人密封装配结构设计方案，建立四足步行机器人单足结构、驱动以及传感器监测的三维实体模型，将机器人的整个控制系统，密封装配在步行机器人的机体中，通过轴传动来驱动步行机构实现步行，采用动态扭矩传感器监测步行机构的驱动关节受到的扭矩变化，从而获得四足步行机器人足端的周围情况，为步行机器人的控制方案奠定了基础；论文的最后在分析步行机器人传统控制传感器的基础上，详细分析了动态扭矩传感器的监测原理，并分几种情况分别分析了其监测原理，并在Pro/E的Mechanism模块中实现了监测原理的仿真与验证，最后给出了传感器监测信息与系统判断之间的关系。

Based on the characteristics of parameterized design and key technologies of knowledge based engineering, and specially according to the characteristics of the construction, figure, assembly-parameter of bicycle frame design, the article has achieved repeated using of experiential parameter and knowledge by adopting methods such as automatic reading experiential datasheet, computing parameter by making use of program, manual data-input or modifying and so on. Based on analyzing the characteristics of Rear End design and the associated characteristics with Chain Stay and Seat Stay, different design methods are analyzed in detail, and rapidly assembling of Rear End, Chain Stay and Seat Stay is achieved by using the method of combining top-down-assembly with down-top-assembly method. Based on analyzing special technologies and UDF characteristics, the repeated using of different sectional shapes by using UDF technology on the tube section design is also achieved, and this will greatly shorten the time spent on fixing the dimensions and orientations on sketches.

在探讨了参数化设计技术特点和知识工程关键技术的基础上，针对自行车车架设计中的结构、形状、装配参数特点，分别采用了读入经验数据表、参数程序求解、手工录入或修改方法实现车架设计经验参数和知识的重复利用；在分析自行车后叉片设计特点及与平、立叉的关联特性的基础上，对不同的设计方案进行了详细分析，并采用自顶向下和自底向上相结合的方法，实现了后叉片的快速装配定位与平、立叉设计相关联；在分析了特征技术和UDF特点的基础上，将UDF用于管件截面的设计上，使各种截面形状能不断重复利用，大大节省了约束草图尺寸和位置的时间。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。