分布

The results showed that small-scale gaps were the predominant types of disturbance. The average gap density was 12.5 km^(-1). The distribution pattern of gaps was aggregated on south facing slopes and was approximately homogeneous on north facing slopes. Conifer trees were the primary gap-makers in this forest that was dominated by Abies faxoniana, Tsuga chinensis, Betida utilis, both in abundance and diameter rank. The decay class distribution of gap-makers indicated that the mode of gap formation and gap-maker species changed with age of the forest; the contribution of conifer species to gap formation decreased with time and broadleaf species increased.

结果表明：l本区以小型林隙干扰为主，林隙平均密度为12.5个km^(-1)，林隙的分布格局在阳坡和山脊为集聚分布，阴坡近均匀分布；林隙形成木以针叶树为主，岷江冷杉、铁杉和糙皮桦在形成木的数量和径级组成上均居前列。2林隙形成木的腐烂等级分布揭示出林隙形成木的形成方式和种类组成均随时间变化。

By the study of the relationship between vegetation and spatial characteristics of UHI, the mainly spatial characteristics of UHI has been analyzed and it was:(1) The terrain of the suburbs is higher than the urban region, the gradient of the terrain height is small, and this geomorphological featrue is conducive to assemble of the heat, the UHI phenomenon of Changsha is obvious especially in the summer night;(2) The UHI distribution is similar to the outline of the urban construction. The LST of urban is 3-5℃ higher than the flat low areas close around the city, and 6-8℃ higher than further areas. The region which has the most obvious UHI phenomenon is the region surrounded by the second city ring road, and the UHI phenomenon gradually weakened from the city centre to suburb;(3) The impact of geomorphological character to UHI is notable, the relationship between vegetation index and UHI is Anti-related, it was indicated that the improvement of the vegetational status is very important to the elimination of UHI phenomenon, the implementation of the urban green land planning can reduce UHI effect.

通过分析长沙城市地区的土地覆盖、植被绿地状况与热岛空间分布状况的关系，揭示出研究区域UHI主要特征为：(1)从研究区域地表覆盖图发现，长沙市城区四周均有相对地势较高的山地，但地形梯度不大，接近四面环山的地貌特征，容易造成城区的热量聚集，有利于城市热岛效应的形成，使得长沙城区存在明显的热岛分布；(2)UHI分布与城市结构的轮廓相一致，长沙城区与地势相对平坦的近郊区的地表温度差异为3~5℃，与地势较高的周边远郊区的地表温度差异为6~8℃，长沙城区热岛效应与城市规划呈对应关系，热岛效应最显著的区域为二环线内，并从中心沿三环逐渐向郊区减弱；(3)地表覆盖类型对UHI的效应明显，长沙地区植被绿地状况与UHI呈现明显反相关分布，揭示出植被绿地对降低UHI具有重要的作用，大范围的绿地建设能有效降低UHI。

Remote sensing data were applied to monitor the wetland landscape pattern in the Yellow River mouth. Our results showed that wetland vegetation and ecosystem are located symmetrically along the Yellow River. Vegetation and landscape are zonated from the coast land-inward and, perpendicular to this, according to an increasing distance to the river course.

运用遥感手段监测黄河口湿地景观空间分布格局，结果表明黄河三角洲自然保护区湿地植被与生态系统沿黄河呈轴对称分布，距黄河由远而近的规律性分布与由海向内陆的分布一致，依次是潮滩、翅碱蓬、柽柳、芦苇、草地和林地。

The faulted scarp type slope break belt controlled the development of the near shore sub-aqueous fan system. The faulted terrace type steep slope break belt controlled the development of the fan-deltas and sub-aqueous fan system. The gentle slope type slope break belt controlled the development of the fan delta system. The inner basin type slope break belt controlled the off shore sub-lacustrine fan system in the basin-level falling stage.

断崖型陡坡坡折带控制着近岸水下扇沉积体系的形成和分布；断阶型陡坡坡折带控制着扇三角洲或近岸水下扇及前方的湖底扇体系的形成和分布；断阶型缓坡坡折带控制着扇三角洲沉积体系的形成和分布；在基准面下降阶段，盆内坡折控制着远岸湖底扇的形成和分布。

Based on the systematic research on investigation and taxonomy of Botany and Zoology as well as application of the indigenous knowledge to utilization and conservation of biodiversity, the families and species of mammals, distribution types and habitat distribution of birds, and faunas of amphibian and reptiles, types and characteristics of the fish in the area were investigated and analyzed.

基于系统的植物学和动物学调查和分类学研究，以及乡土知识在生物多样性的利用和保护方面的应用，对分布于保护区的哺乳动物的科和种、鸟类的分布类型和生境分布、两栖和爬行动物的区系、鱼类的类型和特点作了调查分析，讨论了分布于保护区的陆生和水生动物、动物的生态系统和多样性特征。

This paper based on Precision Agriculture development of China, and focused on several key problems for developing Precision Agriculture, especially field spatial information distribution processing method. The trail farm is located in Shunyi, Beijing. The area is 11 hectors. We sampled the soil, and got soil spatial distribute data , crop growing status distribute data (such as crop population, crop height, plant dry weight), yield distribute data (such as yield per mu, ears per mu, seeds number per ear, weight of thousand grain, plant yield).

本文在探索我国精细农业发展道路的基础上，以当前开展精细农业实践急需解决的关键问题之一—农田空间分布信息处理方法研究作为切入点，通过对北京顺义&三高&农业示范区一块面积约11公顷的农田进行了定点采样试验，得到土壤空间分布信息、苗情分布信息（株数、株高、地上干物重等）、产量分布信息（亩产量、亩穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、生物产量等）。

Traditionally, a surface is usually scatted in an array of 3D data points which are topologically connected by rows and columns to form a rectangular mesh. This method can't meet the requirement of description and measurement for some complex surfaces. On the basis of tracing border points, a new method is proposed to deliver 3D data points of surfaces, which are topologically constructed with optimum rectangular and triangular mesh. In order to measure surface efficiently and safely with NC machine, an optimization of measurement paths is proposed to avoid interference between the measuring tool and the surface with holes. The curve design is the basis of surface modeling.

数控测量技术的发展为测量自动化、集成化、智能化提供了可能，而对于复杂曲面的自动测量规划则是测量技术中的难点问题，平行截面等数目测点分布和四边拓扑测点分布规划方法，不论在测点分布的合理性上还是在网格结构的优化方面，均难以满足形状或边界较复杂曲面的离散化描述和曲面造型的要求，为了实现任意拓扑曲面的自动测量，本文对复杂曲面的合理离散化描述和自动测量问题进行了研究，提出了基于边界跟踪、优化网格的测点自动分布规划和四边、三角混合网格的生成方法：同时对具有孔洞或测量干涉凸台等非完整曲面的测量路径优化问题进行了研究，提出了路径优化方法。

Based on the principle that a spatial distributed source can be regarded as superposition of many of point sources in a continuous spatial area, an Electro-Magnetic Vector Sensor model is proposed. Theoretical analysis and the 1 order approximate expression are given. The model's identifiability is also discussed.

本文通过&分布源是在一定空间分布的多个点源信号的迭加&的认识，首次提出了电磁矢量传感器的分布源模型，给出了理论表达式和一阶近似表达式，分析了单个电磁矢量传感器的分布源模型的可辨识性问题。

Based on the principle that a spatial distributed source can be regarded as superposition of many of point sources in a continuous spatial area, an Electro-Magnetic Vector Sensor model is proposed. Theoretical analysis and the 1 order approximate expression are given. The model's identifiability is also discussed.

本文通过&分布源是在一定空间分布的多个点源信号的叠加&的认识，首次提出了电磁矢量传感器的分布源模型，给出了理论表达式和一阶近似表达式，分析了单个电磁矢量传感器的分布源模型的可辨识性问题。

The results show that:(1) The penetration resistance of functionally graded layered armour made of metal Matrix Composites is better than that of the Aluminum plate;(2) The penetration resistance of the functionally graded layered armour whichlay_up is 0%/57%/0%/26%/0%/12%/0% is the best;(3) The resistance penetration of the the functionally graded layered armour can be greately promoted through optimizing the lay_up and volume fraction of the reinforced particle;(4) The functionally graded armour in which the particles distribute continuous has better behavior of resistance penetration when the volume fraction of the reinforcements are constant;(5) The higher volume fraction of the reinforcements at the surface of FGM and the more non-homogeneous the reinforcements distribution, the higher thesurface Youngs Modulus and the flow stress are;(6) The behavior of penetration resistance of the functionally graded armour in which the particles distribute continuously is better than that of homogeneous steel plate;(7) The functionally graded armour provedes a important approach for the optimization and design of the resistance penetration;(8) The numerical results of simulation of the bird striking the aircraft structureshow that the finite element model of the balance leg is effective;(9) The numerical results show that the structure internal force is relative largewhen the bird strikes the top of the balance leg;(10) The process of the birdstrike is thaf.after the bird penetrting through the front skin of the balance leg and striking the front beam,the bird is broken up in three parts.

经过本文所进行的数值模拟后我们发现：(1)在层状梯度装甲板的抗侵彻过程中层状功能梯度板比铝板的抗侵彻性能好；(2)在层状梯度装甲板的抗侵彻过程中铺层顺序为0%/57%/0%/26%/0%/12%/0%的功能梯度装甲板的抗侵彻性能最好；(3)通过优化组合层状梯度板的铺层顺序以及增强颗粒的含量可以大大改善梯度板的抗侵彻性能；(4)当SiC颗粒体积含量一定时，增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度板表现出了优越的抗侵彻性能；(5)增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度板表面SiC颗粒体积含量越高，分布越不均匀，表面的弹性模量就越高，屈服应力就越高；畜此工业大学硕士研究生学位论丈(6)增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度装甲板比匀质钢板表现出良好的抗侵彻性能；(7)功能梯度装甲板为整个抗侵彻性的优化设计提供了重要的途径。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷