分子生物学

With the rapid development of molecular biological techology and the application in parasite taxology,the strain differentiation of Eimeria species and strain from chickens entries the molecular biological taxology from the traditional taxology.

近年来，由于分子生物学技术，尤其是PCR及其相关技术的迅猛发展及在寄生虫分类中的应用，鸡球虫种、株鉴别方法也由以形态特征和生活史等为标准的传统分类学进入了以核酸为材料的现代分子分类学时代。

This thesis, basing on clinic experience and understanding of Tradional Chinese Medicial theory about tumor's etiological factors and side-effects of chemotherapy or radiation cure, studied total saponins of Sanguisorba officinal is effects and mechanisms of action on hypocytosis induced by radiation and chemical.

本课题根据中医理论对肿瘤及放化疗毒副作用病因和病机的认识，结合中医临床经验，以传统止血中药地榆为研究对象，在已有的研究基础上针对放、化疗致血细胞减少症，采用现代药理学研究方法和细胞学及分子生物学研究方法，深入探讨地榆总皂苷促血细胞生成的作用及分子机理。

Molecular ecology, as the intersectant subject of molecular biology and microbial ecology, is being prevalent in microbial diversity of lake.

微生物分子生态学作为分子生物学与微生物生态学交叉产生的学科，在研究湖泊微生物多样性方面已经得到了广泛的应用。

To obtain a better understanding of the microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract of wood-feeding lower termites, the European subterranean termite, Reticulitermes santonensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), was used as a model system.

为了对木食性白蚁肠道共生微生物有一个全面的了解，以揭示白蚁肠道共生微生物在木质纤维素消化中的作用，本论文在国际上首次报道了应用分子克隆，DNA指纹分析，及荧光原位杂交等多种先进的分子生物学技术，以散白蚁Reticulitermes santonensis为模式系统研究低等木食性白蚁肠道内不同微生态环境中细菌的区系结构及多样化和主要细菌类群在该白蚁肠道的分布与定位等问题，并研究了与散白蚁Reticulitermes flavipes肠道共生鞭毛虫P.vertens相关的共生细菌的系统发育类型。

To obtain a better understanding of the microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract of wood-feeding lower termites, the European subterranean termite, Reticulitermes santonensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), was used as a model system. The diversity and structure of the bacterial community in the different niches of the gut, as well as the distribution and location of major bacterial phylotypes within the intestinal tract was evaluated using various molecular techniques such as clonal analysis, DNA fingerprinting, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In addition, the symbiotic bacteria associated with the flagellate, Pyrsonympha vertens in the gut of the closely related Eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes , were phylogenetically characterized.

为了对木食性白蚁肠道共生微生物有一个全面的了解，以揭示白蚁肠道共生微生物在木质纤维素消化中的作用，本论文在国际上首次报道了应用分子克隆，DNA指纹分析，及荧光原位杂交等多种先进的分子生物学技术，以散白蚁Reticulitermes santonensis为模式系统研究低等木食性白蚁肠道内不同微生态环境中细菌的区系结构及多样化和主要细菌类群在该白蚁肠道的分布与定位等问题，并研究了与散白蚁Reticulitermes flavipes肠道共生鞭毛虫P.vertens相关的共生细菌的系统发育类型。

In recent years, as methods of the molecular phylogeny widely used in the studies of systematics and phylogeny of Nymphalidae, the basic phylogenetic patterns of them have been clarified. However, up to the present, these studies, especially about the taxa distributed in China is rather scarce.

近年来，由于分子生物学在蛱蝶科系统分类中的广泛应用，蛱蝶科各主要类群间系统发生关系的格局逐步清晰，但国内蛱蝶科的分子系统学研究还十分匮乏。

Orchidaceae ; DNA molecular marker ; Gene clone ; Genetic transformation ; Flowerdevelopment ; Molecular biology

兰科植物；分子标记；基因克隆；转基因；花的发育；分子生物学

The problems have been attributed to difficulties in the interpretation of the significance of morphological characteristics used to classify palaemonid shrimp and have hindered the development of stable classification systems.

本研究以中国境内分布的沼虾属种类为主要研究对象，利用DNA测序、PCR-RFLP技术和ISSR技术等分子生物学实验手段，运用支序系统学与分子进化生物学理论及分析方法，以地理群体为基本研究单元，展开从地理种群-物种-属的逐级水平的系统学研究。

In this research it was established that a method of isolation of total RNA from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. wuhexiaozao and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. jinsixiaozao fruit which were from different grown time. Also the Reverse Transcription System for Chinese jujube fruit was established in the research. The purpose of this research was to lay a solid foundation for cDNA-AFLP analysis, to illustrate the mechanism of stoneless of Chinese jujube, to clone the gene to stoneless, to cultivate new Chinese jujube cultivars by gene modified breeding.

以无核小枣和金丝小枣不同发育时期的果实为试材，建立适宜枣果实总RNA提取的方法及其反转录的技术体系，为进一步进行枣果实cDNA-AFLP分析及有关的分子生物学操作，阐明枣无核突变体的分子机理，并克隆枣果实无核突变体相关基因，通过基因工程培育优良的无核枣品种奠定基础。

Though the Waddington and von Bertalanffy programs have not been confirmed in the typical accomplishments and representations in molecular biology in general, and molecular genetics in particular, there are interesting advances that fall between those searches for broad theories couched in mathematically precise differential equation form, and the narrow classes of mechanisms, usually described in qualitative multilevel causal language, that constitute the vast majority of current biomedical explainers.

朋友，追加点分如何？虽然Waddington和冯Bertalanffy节目在分子生物学和分子遗传学的典型的成就和表示法未一般来说，被证实特别是，有下跌在那些查寻之间以数学上精确微分方程形式横卧的宽广的理论的有趣的前进和在定性多重原因语言，通常描述的机制狭窄的类，构成绝大多数的当前生物医学的解说员。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。