分子分离

PNIPA hydrogel has been utilized in many fields, such as drug release, enzyme immobilization and molecular separation.

PNIPA水凝胶已经在许多领域内得到应用，如药物的控制释放、固定化酶和分子分离等。

The thermodynamic behaviour in the separation of molecular imprinting was studied.

研究了分子印迹分离过程中的热力学行为，测定了萘普生和酮洛芬分子印迹分离过程中的的焓变、熵变和自由能变化，计算结果得出ΔH和ΔS的值均为负值，并且熵的变化很小，这说明萘普生和酮洛芬分子印迹拆分过程是受焓控制的，从而进一步说明影响分子印迹分离的两个主要因素中，与模板分子互补的功能基比空间孔穴占有更重要的作用。

The conclusions were as follows: theνO-H andνC=O IR absorption maxima shifted towards higher wave numbers after imprinting 17β-estradiol on TFMAA-co-TRIM copolymer with the red shift of theνO-H groups being apparent after precipitation polymerization for 16h while that forνC=O groups being observed after polymerization for 24h. A strong interaction between TFMAA and 17β-estradiol was confirmed by the high selectivity for 17β-estradiol, as indicted by the values of the separation factor of isomers of 17β-estradiol/17α-estradiol (2.28) and the imprinted factor (3.01). Particle diameter of TFMAA-co-TRIM polymer was between 300 nm and 1.5μm, which suited well for solid phase sorbent throughout at low column pressure. The recognition of imprinting TFMAA-co-TRIM polymer for sterol molecules was driven by enthalpy eluted with acetronitile, and low temperature was in favor of the separation of sterol structure analogues on imprinting column. TFMAA-co-TRIM polymer possessed of determinate anti-heat stability, with melting point beginning at 255.84℃, Tp=257.40℃, control TFMAA-co-TRIM polymer and imprinting TFMAA-co-TRIM polymer were respectively decompounded at 267.79℃and 343.11℃, and solid micro-extraction noddle prepared by the special polymerization also showed definite recognition for 17β-estradiol by GC/MS detecting at 270℃. By selection of various washing and elution solvents, elution reagents of close polymerization system were of more advantage in template molecules retention and recognition on molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction column. At a certain extent, progesterone, 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol and 4-androstene-3, 17-dione could be intercepted on the MISPE column. Especially, MISPE had high selectivity for progesterone, and imprinting TFMAA-co-TRIM polymer could achieve adsorption balance within 50 min by absorption kinetics test for 17β-estradiol. However, MISPE column showed better selectivity and enrichment property for 17β-estradiol than C18 and CSPE columns according to the data from HPLC and GC/MS analyses. Recovery of 17β-estradiol on MISPE column was up to 85.5% while when prime extracting solution of milk powder was sampled, the recovery of CSPE and C18 columns were 43.7% and 30.7%, respectively.

通过研究阐明：紫外聚合产物TFMAA-co-TRIM中的νO-H振动吸收峰在聚合16h后红移，νC=O振动吸收峰在聚合24h后红移；TFMAA-co-TRIM对雌二醇异构体的印迹因子达到了3.01，α为2.28，优于其它功能单体参与得到的聚合物识别特性；TFMAA-co-TRIM聚合物粒径介于300 nm至1.5μm之间，作为色谱固定相具有良好的通量和低的柱压；在乙腈流动相中，TFMAA-co-TRIM分子印迹固定相的分离过程主要被焓驱动，低温有利于分子印迹固定相分离甾醇结构类似物；TFMAA-co-TRIM分子印迹聚合物在255.84℃时开始熔融，Tp=257.40℃，聚合物CP的降解温度在267.79℃，MIP降解温度在343.11℃，制备的固相微萃取头初步经GC/MS 270℃的耐热性测定；不同的洗提溶剂筛选证明了选择接近聚合溶剂的洗脱体系更有利于MISPE发挥识别效应；分子印迹固相萃取柱对孕酮、17α-雌二醇、17β-雌二醇和雄烯二酮都具有不同程度的保留特性，可作为此类化合物的吸附材料，特别对孕酮强保留的富集特性，可作为孕酮的选择性识别吸附剂，其分子印迹聚合物对17β-雌二醇的吸附动力学测定显示在50 min内基本达到吸附平衡，具有作为传感器核心敏感材料的潜力；对比萃取奶粉中17β-雌二醇性能，MISPE柱比非分子印迹固相萃取柱和C18柱具有更高的保留，回收率依次为85.5%，43.7%和30.7%。

Explain why the molecules of different colourings can be separated by paper chromatography.

ii。 试解释为甚麼纸色谱分析能将不同色素中的分子分离出来。

Meanwhile, several physicochemical descriptors of xanthone molecules were calculated by using quantum chemistry method.

同时，运用量子化学计算了山酮分子的物化参数，并选择相互作用能、疏水常数(log P；其中P为正辛醇-水分配系数)和山酮分子总能量作为分析结构-电泳迁移定量关系的物化参数，用以研究分离机制及在毛细管区带电泳分离中山酮类化合物与β-CD 和磺酸化β-CD间的分子识别过程。

Meanwhile, several physicochemical descriptors of xanthone molecules were calculated by using quantum chemistry method. Among the physicochemical parameters, interaction energy, the logarithms of octanol-water partition coefficient and total energy of xanthone molecules were selected to investigate the separation mechanism and describe molecular recognition process between the xanthones and the CDs in CZE by means of quantitative structure-electromigration relationships.

同时，运用量子化学计算了山酮分子的物化参数，并选择相互作用能、疏水常数(log P；其中P为正辛醇-水分配系数)和山酮分子总能量作为分析结构-电泳迁移定量关系的物化参数，用以研究分离机制及在毛细管区带电泳分离中山酮类化合物与β-CD 和磺酸化β-CD间的分子识别过程。

Using ITS sequence combined with the morphological character, we define the clear links between the sexual and conidial forms of 15 Cordyceps species. The study also indicated that molecular criterion might provide a useful way to better understand the evolutionary connection between anamorph and teleomorph of entomogenous fungi.

根据核酸分子特征鉴别了一批新分离的虫草菌的无性型，并将在此基础上建立起虫草属主要种类的核酸的核酸分子探针和无性型快速识别的分子生物学方法，为一些重要类群活菌株的分离培养提供检测标准。

In our research, through derivatization of stable calix[4]pyrroles, active substituting units were jointed on the calixpyrrolic skelecton. After acylamide and free radical transfer reaction, the preparation of new calix[4]pyrrole-bonded stationary phases were fulfilled. the separation abilities of them to inorganic and organic anions and medicines were exploited and new analytical methods were established. The separation mechanisms were discussed. At the same time, through using calix[4]pyrroles as additives in CZE to influence the electrophoresis of inorganic anions, the recognition mechanisms and influencing factors in supramolecular chemistry were also studied.

本项目以新型杯吡咯大环化合物分子识别化学研究为基础，设计合成了含活泼取代基的官能化杯[4]吡咯化合物，通过酰胺化反应和原位自由基链转移反应制备了新型的杯[4]吡咯色谱固定相，系统研究了具有阴离子识别功能的杯[4]吡咯大环化合物作为离子色谱的分离介质对无机、有机离子型化合物和药物分子的色谱分离性能，建立了新的分析方法，对分离机理进行了探索和验证；同时将杯[4]吡咯化合物用作毛细管电泳流动相添加剂，利用其对无机阴离子电泳行为的影响探讨超分子化学中分子识别的机理和影响因素。

Particularly well-oriented mesochannels in mesostructured transparent thin films on solid substrates are of great interest because the functinalization of mesochannels in mesostructures has allowed one to confine organic functions in nanostructures,which have potential applications for hard coatings,energy conversion,solar cells,molecular separation,pH sensors by incorporating pH-sensitive dyes,dielectric layers,and sensing of chemical and biological analytes.

在固体基质上的介观结构透明薄膜中取向非常好的介观通道拥有巨大的研究价值，因为介观结构中的介观通道的功能化石我们能够把有机官能团限制在纳米结构内，这样就在硬质涂层、能量转换、太阳能电池、分子分离、由pH敏感的染料体现的pH传感器、绝缘层和化学和生物分析物的传感方面都有潜在的应用。

You are to repulse an attack of terrorist detachments at each level.

你到再脉搏在每个水平的恐怖分子分离的一次攻击。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。