分子内的

The RT-PCR product was inserted into pTG19-T vector and transformed into E. coli successfully. By blastn, the sequence results of Kunming mus musculus were in complete accordance with the conservative sequence of Genbank NR_003278 (791bp-1153bp). By Blastn in NCBI, the sequence with little difference among animals was confirmed to be conservative. After Blastn, fourteen complete CDS coding for different animals were chosen. According to VECTOR NIT 9.0 software, the similarities between Kunming mus musculus and bos taurus, homo sapiens, erinaceus europaeus, cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa, dasypus novemcinctus, rattus norvegicus, rabbit, equus caballus, macaca fascicularis, didelphis virginiana, monodelphis domestica and vombatus ursinus was 67%, 100%, 100%, 36%, 100%, 100%, 67%, 100%, 100%, 92%, 99%, 99% and 99%. In the phylogenetic tress constructed with the forteen 18S rRNA by Treeview, the Kunming mus musculus clustered with cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa and rabbit, which was nearer to cricetulus griseus and was most far away from macaca fascicularis.(3) After sencodary structure analyses of 18S rRNA of mus musculus, an oligonucleotide fragment for RNAi was designed and synthesized, which was transformed into plasmid, and restriction enzyme analyses and sequencing results should the expression plasmid pGPH1/ GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA were constructed for RNAi successfully.

结果①通过RT-PCR检测显示18S rRNA基因在小鼠卵巢组织和单个GV期、MⅠ期卵母细胞中均有表达，且在未成熟卵母细胞中，MⅠ期的表达明显强于GV期的表达；②RT-PCR产物克隆测序结果显示：昆明小鼠18S rRNA基因保守区序列与基因库序列[NR_003278保守区部分(791bp～1153bp)]完全一致；Blastn比对结果发现：在不同物种中差异较小，选出14种生物18S rRNA全序列经VECTOR NIT 9.0软件分析，提示昆明小鼠18SrRNA与牛、人类、刺猬、中国仓鼠、猪、犰狳、褐鼠、兔子、马、食蟹猴、负鼠、短尾猊、袋熊的18S rRNA的相似率依次为67%，100%，100%，36%，100%，100%，67%，100%，100%，92%，99%，99%，99%；Clustal 1.81和Treeview构建出的分子进化树表明：在上述14种生物中昆明小鼠与中国仓鼠进化关系最近，与兔子、猪聚成一簇，与食蟹猴进化关系最远；③根据18S rRNA二级结构设计并合成RNA干扰寡核苷酸片段，重组质粒经过限制性内切酶及测序表明成功构建了pGPH1/GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA干扰表达质粒。

Phylogenetic analysis using these sequences and published data in either separate or combined datasets indicate unstable relationship among the woolly mammoth and the two living elephants, Elephas and Loxodonta. we suggest that a high intra-specific diversity existed in Mammuthus primigenius.

结合基因库中所有的已经发表的猛犸象序列进行了分子系统学研究表明猛犸象与现存的亚洲象和非洲象谱系关系不稳定，提出了猛犸象可能具有较高的种内遗传分异性的观点。

Hubba is a powerful prediction tool for hub/essential proteins with a user-friendly interface.Hubba can decipher the critical keys inside biochemical pathways and complex network, there will be significant clues to provide candidates for gene knockout and potential drug-targets for developing novel treatment in cancer cells and emerging pathogens.

Hubba线上分析平台，可用以分析生物复杂网路交互作用系统中的重要枢纽分子，以图像化手法呈现重要性来对枢纽蛋白质排名，并显示这些重要结点之间的关连性，协助辨识疾病细胞内与感染过程中的重要网路次模组，及特定基因群所关连的小网路，提供网路医学研究与新的治疗方法的开发。

Only Lamin A was observed to be able to be co-immunoprecipitated with 8B7 spectrin.Lamin A is a component in lamin and functions as a common anchoring site for many proteins.It plays important roles in maintaining normal morphology of nuclear envelope,presenting anchoring site for chromatin and reconstructing of nucleus.8B7 spectrin may function through interaction with Lamin A.

Lamin A是核纤层的组成成分，由LMNA基因编码，是核内许多蛋白分子的共同锚定物，在维持核膜的正常形态，提供染色质的锚定位点以及在核的重组过程中可能发挥重要作用。8B7血影蛋白可能经由Lamin A发挥功能。

Therefore, the LsHNXs genes were cloned in this study, and their function was studied by RNAi. The main results were shown as follows:1 The conservative sequences of three LsHNXs genes (LsHNX1, LsHNX2, and LsHNX3), and the 3'-terminal specific sequences of LsHNX2 and LsHNX3, were cloned by RT-PCR and 3'-RACE.2 The plant RNAi vectors were constructed and the transformation of Limonium sinense was done. The RNAi lines of three single-genes and one double-gene were obtained and were propogated rapidly for the molecular and the stress tolerance analysis.3 To be compared with wild type, the Na+ and K+ contents secreted by the leaves of LsNHX1 transgenic plants were remarkably higher.

主要实验结果如下：1采用RT-PCR和3'-RACE方法从补血草中克隆获得LsNHXs基因家族三个成员LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的保守区序列以及LsNHX2和LsNHX3的3'端特异序列。2构建植物基因RNAi沉默表达载体并转化补血草，获得三个单基因和一个双基因的RNAi沉默表达植株，快繁转基因植株供分子鉴定和耐逆分析。3LsNHX1转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+、K+离子含量比野生型对照显著增加；叶组织内Na+离子含量和K+离子含量均略高，但差异不显著；K+/Na+比没有显著差异。4LsNHX2转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比野生型对照有所下降，但差异不显著；K+离子含量比对照显著降低。

Erve growth factor can combine with its" receptor (one of tyrosine protein kinase receptor coded by proto - oncogene tyrosine kinase, TrkA), Causing the molecule of receptors to gather on the cell surface, and the tyrosine protein in cytoplasmic domain may be activated, three tyrosine base in the kinase domain of its" receptor and two tyrosine base at other domain be phosphated, thus, phosphated tyrosine receptor kinase became the bracket which absorb all kinds of connective proteins and kinases.

GF与其酪氨酸受体激酶受体(由原癌基因trk编码的一种酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体，TrkA)相结合，引起受体分子在细胞表面发生二聚体化，然后受体细胞内结构上酪氨酸活性被激活，使受体自身结构中位于激酶结构域的三个酪氨酸残基及在此结构域外的两个酪氨酸残基发生自身磷酸化，这样，磷酸化的酪氨酸受体激酶A便成为吸收各种连接蛋白质和酶的支架。

This paper reviewed the research advances in the resistance to in-suck fungicide, including the biological characteristics of resistant and sensitive phytopathogenic fungi, the mechanism of in-suck fungicide to phytopathogenic fungi, the resistant mechanism of phytopathogenic fungi to in-suck fungi, molecular detection techniques of fungicide resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and the application of the resistance-fungicide of phytopathogenic fungi.

本文综述了近年来国内外植物病原真菌对内吸性杀菌剂抗药性研究在抗性菌和敏感菌的生物学特征、内吸性杀菌剂对植物病原真菌的作用机制、植物病原真菌对内吸性杀菌剂的抗药机制、抗性菌株的分子检测技术以及抗药性利用等方面的成果。

The directly computed theoretical harmonic force field was scaled with a set of scaling factors transferred from related molecules to obtain a prediction of fundamental frequencies. The mean deviation between prediction and experimental IR spectrum of γ-picolinic acid in solid phase was 20cm^-^1(23cm^-^1 for in-plane modes, 11cm^-^1 for out-of-plane ones).

直接理论计算的谐性力场经由相关分子转移来的校正因子校正后，得到的振动基频的预测值和固体样品红外光谱实验值之间的平均偏差为20cm^-^1(面内振动23cm^-^1，面外振动11cm^-^1)。

Apparent conformation differences are found between these two polydisperse systems especially when the polymer-interface interaction energy is low enough.

正态分布的高分子体系中高分子的三种吸附构型（tails，loops 和 trains）的浓度和数目比相同条件下平均分布的高分子体系内要低的多。

The development of HLA-peptide tetrameric complexes to directly visualize HBV specific CD8+ T cells has recently provided the opportunity to investigate the relationship between HBV-specific CDS* T cells and liver damage in more details.

Fetramer技术结合胞内因子染色和表型分子的检测，近年来使人们对CTL 的认识迅速达到单个细胞水平，并从T细胞分化的角度对慢性持续性病毒感染的发生机制有了全新的认识。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。