分子内的

Trnas: these carry amino acids to the ribosome during translation. some small nuclear rnas: these function in a variety of nuclear processes. 5s rrna: this is a functional and structural component of the ribosome's 60s subunit. it is somewhat sensitive to inhibition by -amanitin.

rna聚合酶ⅲ催化合成5s rrna、trna的前体，以及核内小分子rna和病毒rna.trna在翻译过程中能够荷载氨基酸；核内小分子rna参与了核内的多种加工过程；5s rrna是60s大亚基的结构和功能成分。rna聚合酶ⅲ对α-鹅膏蕈碱中度度敏感，因生物的种类不同，敏感性不同。

They had suppressed the cathodic process of carbon steel electrode. Their inhibition performance was also related with their molecule stereo conformation and electron configuration. Four of bis-(1, 1'-benzotriazoly)-α,β-diamide compounds linked via-CO 〓CO-chain were synthesized and certified by IR and 〓H-NMR. The minimum energy conformations of these compounds were obtained by MM2 forcefield program. The two benzotriazole moiety in BBT1 was more planar than in other compounds. This was beneficial in increasing the inhibition effects of BBT1. In 0.5M H〓SO〓 solution, BBT1 suppressed anodic corrosion reaction. In 3%NaCl solution, BBT1 suppressed both cathodic and anodic corrosion reactions. 1- [ (1'-imidazolly)-methyl] benzotriazole was synthesized by Mannich reaction.

合成了四个通过-CO〓CO-连接的双（1，1'-苯并三唑）-α，ω-二酰胺化合物，采用MM2分子力学程序优化了它们的分子结构，双（1，1'-苯并三唑）-α，ω-二酰胺化合物的缓蚀作用与其分子内两个苯并三唑单元的空间取向有关系，良好的平面性有利于苯并三唑二聚体的吸附和缓蚀作用，苯并三唑二聚体BBT1分子内两个苯并三唑单元近似平行，所以显示出较好的缓蚀效果。0.5M硫酸中BBT1主要抑制铜的阳极溶解的电化学反应；3％NaCl溶液中，BBT1对铜的阳极溶解和氧的阴极还原过程均有抑制作用，相比较而言对阴极过程的抑制作用更大一些。

FRAP is a technique widely usedin cell biology to observe the dynamics of biological systems, including the diffusionof membrane components.

FRAP是在细胞生物学中被广泛用于测定生物体系动态性包括生物膜组分动态扩散的一种技术，其原理是利用高强度激光将细胞内一小部分区域的荧光分子漂白，然后通过记录该区域随后的荧光恢复，检测周围未漂白区域内的荧光分子与漂白区域荧光分子的交互扩散。

After the carboxymethylation,the solubility of pachyman in the water was significantly increased,its β-D-glucan characteristic absorption peak at 890 cm-1 became weak obviously,and its methylene vibration absorption peak and CO antisymmetrical stretch vibration absorption peak appeared at 1 333 and 1 606 cm-1 respectively,which indicated that the carboxymethylation succeeded.The analysis of AFM results showed that CMP molecules existed in different morphology under different solution conditions,and that the concentration,ionic strength and solvent physical chemistry characteristics of polysaccharide solution had effects on the CMP chains conformation and the action mode between different molecular chains.The phenomena were considered to be related to hydrogen bond association and intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic interactions of CMP.

结果表明：经过羧甲基修饰，茯苓多糖在水中的溶解性显著增加，890 cm-1 处的β-D-葡聚糖特征吸收峰明显减弱，1 333 cm-1 处出现次甲基振动吸收峰，1 606 cm-1 处出现〖JG(〗C〖ZJLX，Y〗O〖JG)〗非对称伸缩振动吸收峰，表明羧甲基化成功；原子力显微镜分析表明：在不同溶液条件下，CMP分子以不同形态存在，多糖溶液的浓度、离子强度及溶剂的物化特性均能对CMP的分子链构象及链间相互作用形式产生影响，推测可能与CMP分子内、分子间的氢键缔合及静电作用有关，CMP分子与云母基底间的吸附及静电作用也会对CMP的分子链构象及图像质量产生影响。

In order to know irradiant dynamic process we must have excitation crosssection of electron collision with molecule. Incident electron energy is inintermediate range. At low energy, there are several good methods thatcalculate electron collision with molecule for example Variation, R-matrix.

此时入射电子的能量已经达到中能，在低能范围内的电子与分子散射有许多好的方法如变分法、R-矩阵方法，在高能范围内利用Born近似等方法也能得到满意的结果，在中等能量范围的电子与分子碰撞则没有相应的成熟的方法，使用比较多的是密耦(Closing-Couple)方法，这种方法将相互作用势分为静态势、交换势、极化势，在耦合态的选取上比较自由，可以根据实际的问题及分子的特性选取耦合作用比较强的通道，这样既能保证精度又能减少计算量。

They have intense absorption bands in the red region so that they can collect more energy available in the solar spectrum.

本文设计合成了一些包括电子给体和受体的简单模型，研究它们在光激发下的相互作用，分子间和分子内激基复合物形成与衰变过程的动力学，分子内三元激基复合物形成的结构条件，取得十分有趣的结果。

Through taken the measurements of pH, TOC, UV-Vis spectra and high-performance liquid chromatograph in the degrading process of solution ,it was found that the COD of dye solution increased, pH continuing declined and TOC reduced gradually. The UV-Vis spectra and high-performance shown that though dye molecules had been destroyed, Strong Chromophore Azo Double Bond of dye was certainly under attack, the big conjugated system was vandalized and dye molecules were decolorized degradation, but they were not completely changed into carbon dioxide and other inorganic matter by mineralization, it appeared accumulation of aromatic ring and double benzene nucleus, so it is thus evident that complete destruction of aromatic ring is more difficult than the double benzene.

通过测定直接大红染料脱色过程中的溶液pH、TOC、紫外可见光谱图和高效液相色谱图可知，在脱色处理时间(6h)范围内，染料溶液的COD值增大， pH值持续下降，TOC值逐渐降低，结合紫外可见光谱图和高效液相色谱图，说明染料分子虽然已经遭到破坏，染料分子内强生色基团偶氮双键确实遭到攻击，大的共轭体系被破坏，染料分子被脱色，却没有完全被彻底矿化成二氧化碳等无机物，出现了芳环和萘环结构的累积现象，可见完全破坏芳环比破坏偶氮双键发色团更困难。

With the assistance of the chaperons such as calnexin、calreticulin and tapasin,the molecular heavy chain andβ2 micro globulin of the major histocompatibility complexare assembled together to form the steady complex which is further transported to the surface of the APC through the Golgi body.

在calnexin、calreticulin、tapasin等分子伴侣的协助下，内质网腔内的主要相容性复合体(major histocompatibilitycomplex，MHC)Ⅰ类分子重链、β2微球蛋白以及相应多肽片段聚集成较为稳定的复合物，经高尔基体被进一步转运到APC表面；MHCⅠ类分子与抗原肽的有效结合是特异性细胞免疫应答的重要的环节。

The results of its fluorescence probe showed that when the guanidine hydrochloride concentration in denaturation solution was about 1.0 mol/L,there existed some stable hydrophobic regions,which could interact with a hydrophobic reagent 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid,in the partially folded intermediate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensα-amylase;with the denaturation concentration increasing,the stable hydrophobic regions disappered.the results of fluorescence quenching using acrylamide and potassium iodide as quenchers showed that using acrylamide as quenchers,with the protein denaturation extent increasing,the number of Trp that can be quenched increased untill all the Trp residues were quenched;Using potassium iodide as quenchers,with the maximum number(8) of tryptophan residues in a partially folded intermediate Bacillus amyloliquefaciensα-amylase molecule could be quenched by potassium iodide;with the denaturation concentration increasing,the number of Trp that can be quenched decreased to 5.the results of their protein electrophoreses and SEC showed that no aggregate or aggregate precipitation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensα-amylase formed during the whole unfolding/refolding procedure of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensα-amylase induced by guanidine hydrochloride or urea.

ANS外源荧光探针结果表明：盐酸胍诱导的芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子去折叠过程中存在着能够与探针分子1-苯胺基-8-萘磺酸结合的稳定的疏水区域；而随着芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子在盐酸胍溶液中变性程度的加深，这一疏水区域逐步被瓦解。丙烯酰胺和碘化钾猝灭结果表明：在盐酸胍溶液中，随着芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子变性程度的进一步加深，其分子内能够被丙烯酰胺接近的色氨酸残基逐渐增多，直至全部被猝灭。但位于芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子表面的能够被碘化钾猝灭的色氨酸残基，在中间态芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子中数目达到最大的8个，而随着其分子变性程度的进一步加深，反而减少至5个。

Then the surface of the star polymer was intramolecularly crosslinked using octa(3-azidopropyl)polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, POSS-(N_3)_8,as the inorganic multifunctional crosslinker at high dilution concentration via click chemistry,forming a novel POSS/polymer hybrid nanostructure.Thermogravimetric analysis shows that after surface crosslinking, the thermostability of the core crosslinked PS can be remarkably improved.In the second work,we synthesized of a novel polymer with quatrefoil-shaped topology.

接着，我们合成了一种结构规整的含八个叠氮功能团的无机分子—多面低聚倍半硅氧烷，以其为交联剂，我们通过Click反应在即稀浓度下实现了前驱体星型聚合物的分子内表面交联，得到了外层为无机分子交联，内层为有机高分子的星状高分子，这种新型的星状聚合物表现出了优良的热稳定性能。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。