分子内的

Methods Using acetamide as the internal standard,extraction column and extraction conditions of fluoroacetamide from blood and urine samples were optimized by comparing the extraction efficiency of different solid-phase extraction columns and the effects of experimental conditions on recovery.

选择乙酰胺为内标，通过比较不同固相柱的萃取效率和不同条件对回收率的影响，优化用于血和尿样中氟乙酰胺萃取的固相柱和提取条件，利用氟乙酰胺与乙酰胺质谱图的分子离子峰面积之比与氟乙酰胺浓度的定量关系，建立血和尿样中氟乙酰胺鼠药的GC/MS定量分析新方法。

Therefore, the aim of docking is to find the conformation with the lowest binding free energy.

分子对接包含两个方面，一是快速有效的搜索算法，可以在可能的空间进行构象搜索；另一个是好的打分函数，能够在合理的时间内正确有效地从搜索到的结构中区分出近天然构象。

ADPODS posses stable Surface chemical properties when dissolved in 10% sulfuric acid, 10% sodium hydroxide or 10% sodium chloride aqueous solutions. ADPODS s emulsifiability and detergency at 650mg/L water hardness are very good.4 The micellar aggregation number of C16-MADS was determined by molecule fluorescence probe method.

采用分子荧光探针法测定了C_(12)-MADS与C_(16)-MADS的胶团聚集数，在一定的表面活性剂溶液浓度1.25×10~(-2～1.10×10~(-1)mol·L~(-1)范围内，N_m随浓度的增大而线性增大；体系温度和NaCl浓度对N_m的影响极小；胶团内核的微极性明显大于传统阴离子表面活性剂。

This thesis demonstrates the pre-polymers in a polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals can be polymerized into a polymer film, which can eliminate the aligning capability of the homogeneous alignment layer. Thereafter, the textures of the cholesteric liquid crystals in UV-cured region can be changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the liquid crystals can be reduced by doping with chiral dopant or monomers. The cause is the increase of the impurity concentration in LCs. In other words, if the monomers are polymerized, the clearing temperature of LCs in that region should increase due to the decrease of the impurity concentration. Therefore, impurities associated with doping with monomeric and chiral dopants cause the clearing temperature of LCs in cured region to differ from that in uncured region.

本文中，我们提出在高分子聚合物薄膜之胆固醇液晶(polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals，简称PDCLCs)中，利用紫外光使PDCLC中的单体聚合成薄膜，此即为光引致聚合反应，而该薄膜将原本在表面所作的配向膜覆盖且破坏其配向能力，使胆固醇液晶由原本反射的planar结构转换成散射的focal conic结构；另外，有关液晶材料的相变温度会由於掺杂手性分子或单体而降低，此因液晶材料内『杂质』浓度增加，而造成的液晶材料之不纯度增加，最终导致相变温度降低，若搭配上述光引致聚合反应，则由於光照区之单体聚合，使该区域单体占总材料之比例下降，即不纯度降低，进而使液晶材料之相变温度上升，该区域之相变温度与未照光区有所不同。

The inhibition of oestrogen synthesis is most readily achieved by inhibiting the final step in the pathway of oestrogen biosynthesis, the reaction which transforms androgens into oestrogens by creating an aromatic ring in the steroid molecule (hence the enzyme's trivial name, aromatase).

oestrogen 综合的抑制被最容易透过在oestrogen biosynthesis的小路抑制最后步骤取得，回应，透过在类固醇分子(因此酵的琐屑的名字，aromatase)内建立一个芳环把雄性激素转变成oestrogens。

Theoretical classes focus on the conceptions involving cell biology, the ultrastructures, chemical composition and function of organelles in cell, the mechanisms of biochemical action and the research methods as well.

理论课教学内容重点讲授细胞生物学有关的基本概念、细胞内各种机构及细胞器的亚显微结构、化学组成和功能作用，介绍重要生化活动的分子机制及本学科的主要研究方法。

To investigate the function of Nogo-A in neurons, human embryonic kidney cell line 293FT was used as a model, along with the pathway profiling reporter system to check the involvement of Nogo-A in regulating the intracellular signaling pathway. It was found that over-expression of Nogo-A could activate NF-κB signaling specifically, then followed by using different Nogo-A alternative splicing isoforms and a serial of truncations, it was confirmed that the activation of NF-κB by Nogo-A relied on its N-terminal proline rich domain. Furthermore, by co-expressing the dominant negative mutants of some NF-κB pathway associated proteins, it revealed that the IκBα,TRAF6, Rac/Cdc42 were involved in Nogo-A inducing activation of NF-κB.

为探讨神经元内Nogo-A的功能，以HEK293FT细胞为模型，利用信号途径报告基因系统筛选过表达Nogo-A对多种信号途径的调控作用，发现过表达Nogo-A能特异激活NF-κB信号，利用不同的Nogo-A剪接体和截断体形式研究，证明Nogo-A激活NF-κB信号依赖于其氨基端的proline rich结构域，进一步使用NF-κB信号途径相关分子显性突变体揭示IκBα、TRAF6、 Rac/Cdc42 参与Nogo-A激活NF-κB信号。

To investigate the function of Nogo-A in neurons, human embryonic kidney cell line 293FT was used as a model, along with the pathway profiling reporter system to check the involvement of Nogo-A in regulating the intracellular signaling pathway. It was found that over-expression of Nogo-A could activate NF-KB signaling specifically, then followed by using different Nogo-A alternative splicing isoforms and a serial of truncations, it was confirmed that the activation of NF-kB by Nogo-A relied on its N-terminal proline rich domain. Furthermore, by co-expressing the dominant negative mutants of some NF-kB pathway associated proteins, it revealed that the IkBα,TRAF6, Rac/Cdc42 were involved in Nogo-A inducing activation of NF-kB.

为探讨神经元内Nogo-A的功能，以HEK293FT细胞为模型，利用信号途径报告基因系统筛选过表达Nogo-A对多种信号途径的调控作用，发现过表达Nogo-A能特异激活NF-kB信号，利用不同的Nogo-A剪接体和截断体形式研究，证明Nogo-A激活NF-kB信号依赖于其氨基端的proline rich结构域，进一步使用NF-KB信号途径相关分子显性突变体揭示IkBα、TRAF6、Rac/Cdc42参与Nogo-A激活NF-kB信号。

Results The results showed that the pDNA was completely degraded within 1 minute in 5U/μl of deoxyribonuclease solution at 37℃. While the chitosan with MW more than 200000 showed favourable protective effect on DNA.

结果 在人体温度(37℃)下，浓度5U/μl的DNase Ⅰ在1min内即可降解没有保护的质粒DNA，而相对分子质量为200000以上的壳聚糖对质粒具有良好的保护作用。

Results indicate that the observed salt fluxes under the two wind conditions show a marginal difference. Under the steady wind condition, a DBL with a constant thickness of 3.5 cm is observed right above the deposited sediment. The molecular diffusion is found to be the dominant mechanism for salt transport within the DBL. The latter can suppress the hydrodynamic enhancement on the exchange of substances between deposited sediments and overlying water.

研究结果表明，在稳定风场条件下，沉积物－水界面处存在厚度约3.5cm的扩散边界层，有风条件下的界面盐分交换通量略大于无风时的通量；分子扩散是边界层内盐分运移的主要机制，扩散边界层对沉积物盐分释放具有阻滞作用，并且边界层越厚，阻滞效应越显著。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。