分子

DCs acquired by our reformed methods express both CD83 and CD 14 molecules highly, and have a higher density than other domestic reports. The higher TNF in DCs culture medium of HC patient suggests DCs in patient still have antigen presenting ability and by optimization the culture medium would improve its presenting ability and have a potential value in design and application individual vaccine. Although antigens pulsed DCs have a decrescent antigen presenting ability but BCG HSP70 could induce its mature and improve its presenting ability. Suggests BCG HSP70 would be a useful mature inducer. Lymphocytes primed by DCs based HC vaccine have the specific cytotoxicity against HCC lines. The CTL after freezing and anabiotic could prophylaxis and therapy HC xenograft on nude mouse. The results also suggests that CD4〓 lymphocytes play a important role in HC with a good differentiation and would be useful in treatment this kind of HC. After being activated by Peptide LLNQHACAV of hAFP and apoptotic HCCs pulsed DCs respectively, the culture medium of activated lymphocytes both contains a high level Th1 cytokines IL-12 and TNF. Primed lymphocytes appeared a characteristic of NK cells. DCs not only inhibited the growth of human HCC and other cancer cells in vitro but also prevented the growth of HC xenograft on nude mouse in vivo. There are at least three kinds of mechanism playing important role in DC based vaccine ,there are inhibition of DCs, HC specific CTL and cytokines pathway.

诱导出的DC共同表达CD83和CD14分子，CD83分子表达明显高于国内报道；肝癌患者DC培养上清中TNF水平高于健康人，提示肝癌患者DC仍具一定的抗原呈递能力，适当调控可使其行使APC功能，以期在肝癌个体化疫苗中发挥作用；DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后，抗原呈递能力降低，BCG HSP70可促进DC成熟，增加其抗原呈递能力，预示BCG HSP70有可能成为促进DC活化和成熟的另一重要分子；肝癌DC疫苗在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化的淋巴细胞在体外对肝癌细胞的杀伤以特异性CTL为主，同时分泌较高水平Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并抑制4种肝癌细胞生长；冷冻复苏后的肝癌特异性淋巴细胞可以预防和抑制人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤，提示DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后诱发的MHC-Ⅱ类限制性CD4〓T细胞有可能在分化程度高的肝癌治疗中发挥作用；用DC和HLA-A2〓DC分别负载凋亡肝癌细胞和hAFP218-226位LLNQHACAV HLA-A2限制性九肽，在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化后的CTL细胞分泌较高水平的Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并具较强杀伤活性，此CTL同时具备NK细胞特征；DC对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用可能是通过吞噬实现的，Fas-L在DC抑制中也起一定作用；DC对人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制率为97％；在肝癌DC疫苗的作用中，至少联合3种以上机制，即通过DC的直接作用、肝癌特异性CTL和细胞因子途径直接或间接地杀伤和抑制肝癌细胞。

This whole research constitutes two independent projects, that is "Estimating divergence times among subfamilies in Nymphalidae" and "Fine- and landscape-scale spatial genetic structure of cushion rockjasmine, Androsace tapete, across southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", which discussed respectively the application of molecular evolutionary analysis in two aspects of evolutionary biology.

分子进化分析就是利用分子数据来研究进化问题。地球上呈现的生物多样性则是突变和自然选择的产物，是生物进化的结果。生物进化的过程包含有两个面：基因的长期进化和遗传多样性，也就是通常意义上的大进化和小进化。该项目就是以两个不同的实验——即&蛱蝶科各亚科间分歧时间的估计&和&青藏高原垫状点地梅的空间遗传结构分析&——分别探讨了分子进化分析在大小进化两个方面的应用。

The results showed the different fluorescence property with naphthalene due to the interaction, congruence of the molecules and formation of inter- or intramolecular exciplex.;A series of dithioesters with different aromatic rings such as naphthally, anthracyl and pyrene in R groups were synthesized. The polymerizations of MMA using these dithioesters as the RAFT agents were investigated.

结果表明：在NMNDT和它获得的聚合物溶液中，由于分子间的相互作用、叠合，激发态分子与基态分子形成了激基缔合物，引起了萘环荧光的淬灭，使其发光特性与原来萘的发光特性不同；探索了二硫代酯中R基团的立体和电子等性能对MMA的RAFT聚合的影响。

Phylogenetic analysis based on two IGS-1 sequences indicated there were significant differences between the IGS-1 sequence of Armillaria luteo-virens and that of other species of Armillaria.

本研究首次基于分子手段对我国青藏高原的黄绿蜜环菌种进行了分离培养、分子鉴定和系统发育分析，为黄绿蜜环菌的科学分类提供了分子依据。

Armillaria luteo-virens has a relatively close phylogenetic relationship with some species of Lepiota.

本研究首次基于分子手段对我国青藏高原的黄绿蜜环菌种进行了分离培养、分子鉴定和系统发育分析，为黄绿蜜环菌的科学分类提供了分子依据。

B. Each kind of nucleic acid is composed of three parts: Molecular azotic basic group + member pentose + molecular phosphoric acid radical, DNA is by C, H, O, N, the P five kind of elemental compositions. c. The nucleic acid azotic basic group may divide into four kinds: Guanine, thymine, adenine, cytosine d.

b。 每一种核酸由三个部分所组成：一分子含氮碱基+一分子五碳糖+一分子磷酸根，DNA都是由C、H、O、N、P五种元素组成的。

It is shown that the first hyperpolarizability β of barbituric acid deviratives strongly depends on the donor structure and the length of conjugate chain, but is not sensitive to the acceptor structure. The HOMO-LUMO calculations reveal that the first hyperpolarizabilities of barbituric acid deviratives are linear to the HOMO-LUMO energy gap △E.

研究结果表明，给体结构与共轭链长度对第一超极化率β影响较大，而受体结构对分子第一超极化率的影响很小，并且分子第一超极化率与分子前线轨道HOMO与LUMO的能级差△E呈较好的线性关系。

The bathochromic shift was mainly due to the limitation of rotational movements of the dye. The rigidity of the silica surface restricted the freedom of the molecules. The lower polarity of microenvironment at the silica/water interface than that in aqueous environment should also make a contribution to the phenomenon.

通过对其本体、界面荧光光谱的分析，观察到R6G分子在亲水石英/水界面上出现5 nm红移，红移的原因主要是染料分子旋转运动受到限制，石英表面的刚性限制了分子的自由度，同时，石英/水界面更低的极性也对红移产生影响。

Twenty three species belonging to 8 tribes 19 genera of the subfamily were involved, and eight species of eight genera belonging to six subfamilies of Braconidae were used as outgroups with Rogadinae, Braconinae and Doryctinae usd as "root" to testify the monophyletic nature of the subfamily. Four new DNA sequences of D2 region of 28S ribosomal were amplified and submited to GenBank. Forty one characters of morphology were selected and analyzed in a cladistic manner.

利用&圆口类&的内茧蜂亚科Rogadinae、茧蜂亚科Braconinae、矛茧蜂亚科Doryctinae的3个亚科为根，以PAUP4.0和MrBayes3.0B4软件分别应用最大简约法和贝叶斯法对优茧蜂亚科的分子数据和分子数据与非分子数据的结合体进行了分析；并以PAUP4.0对优茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列的片段的碱基组成与碱基替代情况进行了分析。

The reciprocity between PPCG and caffeine molecule was also simulated and calculated.It was found that the caffeine molecule was selectively distributed in CO2 habitat,but never in γ-butyrolactone habitat.

通过对PPCG与药物分子咖啡因相互作用的分子模拟和计算，进一步了解咖啡因分子是选择性地分布到CO2结构单元的区域中，而在GBL区域无分布。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。