分子

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

It is now a first-rate national center for ophthalmology. Some of the projects rank high internationally, for example, the success of treating 30,000 cases of myopia with LASIK. For the success of the operations, the center introduced sophisticated medical equipment, e.g. the first personalized LASIK. For optimal results, the center used the most sophisticated cornea topographic map, cornea pachymeter, automatic plate shaper and eye ground confocal laser scanning system, making the operations a more sophisticated project. Moreover, as all the doctors have rich clinical experience and expertise, and with painstaking efforts, they acquired great skills and familiarity with the medical equipment, resulting in what is "the man-machine unity".

一些项目已达到国际先进水平，如以该中心成功完成30000例准分子激光治疗近视为例，为了做好准分子激光治疗近视手术，该中心不仅引进了先进的治疗设备，如在我国率先引进了第一台个性化准分子激光治疗近视系统，而且为了严格把关，选择最佳治疗效果，又启用了最先进的角膜地形图、角膜测厚仪、微型自动角膜板层成型刀和眼底共焦激光扫描系统等，使准分子激光治疗近视手术成为更完善的系统工程，加之该中心医生大都从事眼科临床多年，有丰富经验和深厚知识底蕴，通过刻苦努力，很快做到&人机合一&，娴熟地掌握了最先进的眼科诊疗武器。

The application of the genetic codes is another kind of permutable calculation . From DNA chain to mRNA chain , t RNA , ribosome , peptides

密码表应用体系中，从DNA分子到m RNA分子到t RNA，再到核糖体到肽链，没有一步使用了排列数计算方法，从而造成DNA分子信息传递时步步失真，最后变成了肽链具体位置上的氨基酸分子，这里的每一步信息传递都是对密码表的错误运用。

The 43 table of genetic codes is in fact that 64 segments of spacial room in real DNA molecule versus a real molecule of amino acids in protein , which is an obvious logical error .4.Each relevant experiment proved the table of genetic codes has its own permutable pattern from chemical reactants to products , instead of the descriptions in the table of genetic codes .

密码表应用体系中，从DNA分子到m RNA分子到t RNA，再到核糖体到肽链，没有一步使用了排列数计算方法，从而造成DNA分子信息传递时步步失真，最后变成了肽链具体位置上的氨基酸分子，这里的每一步信息传递都是对密码表的错误运用。

The application of the genetic codes is another kind of permutable calculation . From DNA chain to mRNA chain , t RNA , ribosome , peptides , and to protein , each step has its own permutable calculation from chemical reactants to products . None step has an indispensable relationship

密码表应用体系中，从DNA分子到m RNA分子到t RNA，再到核糖体到肽链，没有一步使用了排列数计算方法，从而造成DNA分子信息传递时步步失真，最后变成了肽链具体位置上的氨基酸分子，这里的每一步信息传递都是对密码表的错误运用。

It had been found that when the relative molecular weight changed, the properties changed also. When the relative molecular weight of PESA is in the range 800 to 1000, the scale inhibitions are best. When the relative molecular weight of PESA is lower than 700 or higher than 1000, the scale inhibition becomes worse.

采用鼓泡法研究了PESA的阻垢性能与其相对分子质量的关系，发现当PESA相对分子质量变化时，其性能变化相当大，当相对分子质量在800～1000范围时，钙离子稳定浓度达到120 mgL1以上；当相对分子质量低于700或高于1000时，阻垢性能变差。

Collisional induced dissociation technique is applied to characterize cucurbituril supramolecule structures complexed with 1,4-diaminobutane, phenylenediamine and lysine.

运用碰撞激发解析技术确定了葫芦脲[6]与1，4-丁二胺，二甲基苯以及赖氨酸分子形成轮轴结构的超分子复合物，即线性分子穿入葫芦脲[6]的空腔内形成的稳定超分子复合物。

Secondly,UV spectrophotometry was adopted to research the combination action on SM_2 and SIZ with MAA and 4-Vp.The combination action of functional monomer with template molecules were produced in the results. Then,the prediction imprinting principle of SM_2 and SIZ were given. The diagrams of infrared spectrum were analysed in MAA and 4-Vp and IMPs of SM_2. It was discoved that the absorbability peak of C=C function group in the IMPs were turn to be very low ,but the function group of carboxylic acid and pyridyl in the IMPs were no evidence change, and the condition was created in the molecular recognition of MIPs. Thermal Analysis was adopted to research IMPs ,in which ,a better thermal stability and its decompose temperature were showed in the results.

其次，本文利用紫外分光光度法研究磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺异噁唑与甲基丙烯酸或4-乙烯基吡啶的结合作用，结果表明，溶液中的功能单体与模板分子之间产生了结合作用，并预测磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺异噁唑印迹机理；分别分析了功能单体甲基丙烯酸、4-乙烯基吡啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺异噁唑分子印迹聚合物的红外谱图，经过对比发现制得的印迹聚合物中C=C双键峰很小，并且功能键羧酸键和吡啶氮没有明显变化，这为聚合物特异识别特性创造了条件；利用综合热分析仪，对分子印迹聚合物进行综合热分析，结果表明分子印迹聚合物具有较好的热稳定性，分解温度也较高。

The seed layer has an intermolecular spacing of 3.4 -0.3 AA. and it is formed by rodlike supramolecules comprised of disc-shaped molecules of at least one polycyclic organic compound with conjugated p-system.

该晶种层具有3.4±0.3的分子间距，并通过由盘形分子构成的棒状超分子形成，该盘形分子至少为一种具有π共轭体系的多环有机化合物。

The Lithostegia Ching was considered as a member of Peranemaceae for a long time, according to the research,we found that it has the typical scalariform perforation plates,no associated or crossed phenomena,and some region have intact plate,no dimorphic phenomena,no weblike or threadlike remnants,these suggest that The Lithostegia Ching is in a primal evolutional position.

与传统观点不同，我们认为穿孔板仅存在于端壁的管状分子为导管分子，而端壁和侧壁形态、结构相似，有或无穿孔板的管状分子为管胞，蕨类植物中的管状分子主要为管胞。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。