分区的

Some innovative results are listed below:1、According to the lithologic characters,lithofacies,genetic classification and the geomorphy,the Quaternary system is divided into piedmont-gully\'s and plain\'s. The piedmont-gully\'s Quaternary sediment,which is about 3～20 meters in thick,is in the western hills of the study area.The plain\'s Quaternary sediment is widely distributed in the study area,which is about 30～60meters thick and become thicker from southwest to northeast.2、The Quaternary sediments of plain can be divided into five sedimentary cycles.The Late Pleistocene series Quantan group,at the bottom of the Quaternary System,is constituted by a fluvial facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycle. The Late Pleistocene series Jiashan group,at the middle of the Quaternary sediment, is constituted by two fluvial facies-neritic facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycles.The Holocene series Binhai group,at the upper of the Quaternary sediment, is divided into three parts,the under layer and middle layer are constituted by two littoral facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycles,the upper layer is constituted by paludal facies,which was deposited at the lower-lying land like West Lake, Jiangcun-Gu dang,Xianghu lake,and coastal-estuary facies in other area.3、Folding and fault activities were weak in Quaternary and the tectonic activity had little influence on the Quaternary sedimentation.The ancient landforms,the evolvement of the river system and transgression were the main elements which controlled the Quaternary sedimentation in Hangzhou.The ancient landforms formed the basis of the Quaternary sedimentation.The evolvement of the river system and transgression individually or jointly controlled the Quaternary sedimentation of this area.4、The alternation of the climate was the main reason for the evolvement of the river systems and transgression,and it\'s also the reason why the Quaternary system of Hangzhou has the special sedimentary structure which is called soft interbed with hard layers.

通过研究取得了以下成果：1、根据岩性、岩相、成因类型和地貌特点，将本区第四系划分为山麓沟谷区沉积和平原区沉积：山麓沟谷区第四系主要分布于西部丘陵地区，厚度较薄且变幅大，一般厚3～20m；平原区第四系广布分区，由南西向北东逐渐增厚，一般厚30～60m.2、平原区第四系自下而上大体由五个完整或不完整的沉积旋回构成：底部上更新统全塘组，由河流相—河湖相的沉积旋回构成；中部上更新统嘉善组，由河流相—浅海相—河湖相两个沉积旋回构成；上部全新统滨海组，其下中两段由滨海海湾相—河湖相的两个沉积旋回构成，上段由西湖、蒋村—古荡、湘湖等低洼处沉积的湖沼相和其他地区沉积的滨海河口相构成。3、第四纪以来，研究区内褶皱、断裂活动微弱，构造运动对第四系沉积的影响不大，古地形、古水系的发育、变迁和海侵是杭州市第四系沉积的主要控制因素：古地形构成了第四系沉积的基底，水系与海侵在其后的不同阶段或分别或联合的主导了区内的第四系沉积。4、水系的发育、变迁和海侵的共同原因是天气变化，正是由于第四纪以来"冷热交替"的天气特点形成了杭州市第四系"软硬互层"的特殊沉积结构。

The CCFG is a kind of economical activity with positive externality, its final products offered -the ecological benefits belong to the pure public goods, the nature of the economical compensation is to internalize the externality of the CCFG, so an economical compensation mechanism should be established with the government playing a leading role. The compensation receivers should be not only peasant households but also the county-level authority that performs the project. Besides central government, the compensation payers should still include the provincial-level governments who implement the project, the provincial-level governments of those beneficiary areas of midstream and downstream of basin, international organizations, enterprises and individuals, etc. Multiple channels of raising funds for the program should be worked out and the practice method should be transformed. Thediversified compensation ways should be chosen. In reality, insufficient compensation is the normality, the cost compensation may have more maneuverability. The decision-maker should carry on proper adjustment to the compensation standard, taking into account the factors about the environment conditions, the social-economic conditions, the ecological function of vegetation, etc. and make out different compensation criterions for different areas and different levels. The author puts forward it should be kept the policy of financial subsidies to the farmers who reforest ecological forest for a long term, should prolong the compensation time frameworks to the farmers who reforest economical forest.

本文认为，退耕还林还草是一项具有正外部性的经济活动，其提供的最终产品—生态效益属典型公共产品，经济补偿的实质就是要实现这种外部性的内部化，故应构建以政府为主导的经济补偿机制；补偿对象除了退耕农户以外，还应包括实施退耕还林还草的县级政府；补偿主体除中央政府外，还需将退耕地区省级政府、流域中下游受益地区的省级政府、国际社会、企业和个人等纳入其中；多渠道筹措退耕还林还草补偿投入资金，切实转变经济补偿的运作方式；选择相互协调、相互补充的多样化补偿方式；现实中，不充分补偿是常态，实行成本补偿更具可操作性；应对补偿标准进行适当调整，在综合考虑退耕地区自然环境条件、社会经济状况以及林草植被的生态功能等多种因素的基础上，制定分区分级补偿标准：对还生态林应采取长期补偿政策，对还经济林也要适当延长补偿年限。

The principles of remote sensing in earth scinences were used in the investigation of resources and environment of the region to analyze hydrologic elements, regionalize hydrologic environment types, calculate water-yield; study the ratio relationship among agriclutural landuse, non-agriclutural landuse and total area, point out the regional difference of landuse type;res-earch the qualitative and quantitative perfects of low-yield area environment; cornprensively investigate forest resources, including ecologic environment of the suitable-forest area, site and ecologic and economic perfects of suitable-forest tree; find out the travel circle surrounding Beijing and function regionalization, storage mechanism of mineral resources and crustal stability, evolution of natural environment in last ten thounsand years and the relationship between them and land harnessing, planning and city and town construction.

本区资源与环境的遥感调查应用，主要是运用遥感地学原理，分析水文下垫面要素，划分水文环境类型，计算其产水量；分析非农业用地与总土地及其它用地的比例关系，探索土地利用类型结构的地域差异规律；农业低产地环境及其数量、质量特征的研究；综合调查森林资源，包括宜林地的生态环境、立地条件及宜林树种的生态与经济特性；以及以北京为中心的京津唐旅游圈及功能分区，矿产资源的赋存机制，区域地壳稳定性及区内近一万年来的自然环境的演化规律及其与国土整治、规划和城镇建设的关系等进行了多元综合研究。

The main study areas are as follows: 1 The landscape classification system of the urban-rural ecotone is set up based on the studying on land-use type of urban area and rural area, and then it is used to establish a regional landscape data warehouse for deposition, modification and management; 2 A group of landscape structure and pattern indices and patch area spectrum analysis methods are used to describe the structural and heterogeneous characters of all the landscape elements from different aspects; 3 The temporal and spatial difference of the landscape pattern of main road belts of the research area are also analyzed with the same method. Their basic process and regularity of urban axial expanding of the southwestward of Shanghai City are initially knewn well; 4 According to the traits of the ecotone, the principles and basis of vegetation classification, the ecotone vegetation classification system is set up, its species constitute, community patch characters, the relationship between vegetation types and landscape categories are analyzed, meanwhile, the vegetation sample maps are made; 5 Based on above studies, some landscape ecological stratedies within the research area were discussed. The following are the results of this study

城乡交错带地区的景观分类，在对城市地区和农村地区的土地利用类型研究的基础上建立了城乡交错带的分类体系，并在此基础上用ARC＼INFO软件分时段、分区、分要素建立研究区的景观图形数据库，对数据进行存储、修改和管理；2）利用多种景观结构、格局指数和斑块面积谱分析方法，从不同的侧面对各种景观组分的结构以及区域的景观格局特征进行了分析，并对其成因进行了探讨；3）利用相同的分析方法，分析了城乡交错带中的城市干道两侧的景观格局特征的空间和时间分异情况，初步掌握上海城市西南轴向扩张的基本过程和规律；4）对城乡交错带中非独立的景观要素-植被，研究其遥感图象信息的基本特征，建立适合区域特点的植被分类体系，并在样区中建立了植被图形数据库和计算机制图，分析了植被景观种类组成、斑块等级等特征以及与不同景观的相互关系；5）在上述研究的基础上，对研究区内的景观生态对策进行了研究。

In this thesis, the digitization, informationization, modelization and videotex of research on ecological environment security were achieved by using RS-GIS-EIS integrated technology.

论文的创新和特色在于，首次提出土地生态环境安全的概念，将生态安全研究的理论与方法引入土地生态环境安全研究中，并在这些理论和方法的指导下进行了吉林西部土地生态环境安全的研究；首次在吉林西部地区进行了土地生态环境敏感性评价，从土壤退化和土地盐碱化敏感性评价反映了吉林西部土地生态环境不安全的潜在危机；构建了土地生态环境安全评价的压力-状态-响应指标体系，该体系既体现了指标总体上的因果关系，又渗透了生态环境与经济的可持续发展；在土地生态环境安全评价过程中，本文提出用栅格点状评价单元和行政区面状评价单元结合的方法进行土地生态环境安全评价，使评价结果和分区更加精确；首次进行生态安全预警的研究。

The basic principle and hierarchical frame of FSR decision-making solving for DN is proposed creatively based on reliable knowledge. The categoricalness and high efficiency of decision-making solution set for FSR are ensured. The principle layer controls and realizes the search range and realization mode. The hierarchy and subarea search is performed, whose optimal rule is considered at the same time in order to ensure the solving rapidity. The decision-making realization layer forms the operation sequence of switch based on the trunk network set algorithm. The categoricalness and high efficiency of decision-making solution set for FSR is ensured.

创造性的提出了基于可靠性知识的配电网故障恢复决策解集构造的基本原理和实现的层次结构：确保恢复处理决策解集构造的完备性与高效性；原则层控制实现解集的搜索范围及实现模式，按兼顾优化原则的分层、分区搜索并确保求解的快速性；决策实现层在实现模式和相应树干网集运算的基础上，形成恢复处理决策开关操作序列，确保决策开关操作序列形成的高效率。

Study: the first day: ceramic perm on the theory and analysis of the principles of ceramic perm hair physi sign Pi and mathematics, made a single film roll with the law, made into bars at the end of the display, three bars into technology, into the bars of the nine changes in the bar when the bar into the core of the film made with the point of view, the core of the ring a few bars And calculation of the perm and the relationship between the separation and shape the relationship between the perm, hair texture and appearance to the effect, the geometric shapes scald Division

陶瓷烫发原理毛发生理学知识，设计原则分析，设计的适应性，陶瓷烫的元素解析，发质与烫发的关系，裁剪结构与烫发的关系，烫发设计与数学圆周率，单片发片与卷法，进杠时发尾的摆放情况，三个进杠技术，九个进杠变化，进杠时杠芯与发片的角度，杠芯的圈数和计算与烫发的关系，分出形状与烫发的关系，发丝的纹理走向与外观效果，造型烫的几何分区

Study: the first day: ceramic perm on the theory and analysis of the principles of ceramic perm hair physiology knowledge, design principles, the design of adaptive, hot ceramic element analysis, hair perm and the relationship between structure and cut the relationship between the perm, Hair Design Pi and mathematics, made a single film roll with the law, made into bars at the end of the display, three bars into technology, into the bars of the nine changes in the bar when the bar into the core of the film made with the point of view, the core of the ring a few bars And calculation of the perm and the relationship between the separation and shape the relationship between the perm, hair texture and appearance to the effect, the geometric shapes scald Division

陶瓷烫发原理毛发生理学知识，设计原则分析，设计的适应性，陶瓷烫的元素解析，发质与烫发的关系，裁剪结构与烫发的关系，烫发设计与数学圆周率，单片发片与卷法，进杠时发尾的摆放情况，三个进杠技术，九个进杠变化，进杠时杠芯与发片的角度，杠芯的圈数和计算与烫发的关系，分出形状与烫发的关系，发丝的纹理走向与外观效果，造型烫的几何分区

5Oil and gas were controlled by the structure formed by superposition of tectonic movement in the early and late Hercynian which resulted in palaeogeomorphology and degree of fracture growing. The latter decided the flowing direction of palaeocurrent and the degree of corrosion,which is the main factors of karstification.Especially,the superimposition of palaeostructure and Akekule uplift is the most favorable area for karst and fracture growing.The ubiquitous high angle fracture made all kinds of vugs into a large scale storage,so the fracture-vug system was divided into some blocks in the main oil zone on the plane.

5塔河油田的油气分布受控于海西早、晚期构造运动叠加形成的构造格架，古构造叠加的结果控制了古地貌和裂缝发育强度，古地貌和裂缝发育强度控制了古水系的流动方向及溶蚀深度，它们是岩溶作用发育的主控因素，特别是海西晚期形成的古构造与阿克库勒凸起轴部的叠合部位是岩溶、裂缝最发育的地区，普遍存在的高角度裂缝在三维空间将各类岩溶孔洞连通为大规模的储集体，从而造成主油区大型缝洞系统横向上的分区性。

On a base of many fact data from Hong jiang city, this article use some scientific analysis way, provides scientific basis for analyzing the mutual relation between town and country' s structure and distribution and intension of land use; for town and country' s rational land distribution; for improving land productivity and land economic value of output; for land protection and a rational land use. The author wish to open up a path for the development of town and country.

本文以洪江市为研究区域，在大量的事实数据的基础上，运用了灰色系统法、回归分析法、经济相关法、综合分析法等科学分析手段，对该区域的城乡用地结构及布局与土地集约利用的相互关系，分析和处理好其相互制约性和促进性，为现在的城乡发展中的用地结构比例，城乡用地的合理布局、分区，土地生产率和经济产值的提高，耕地保护以及土地利用规划中土地的合理利用提供科学的依据和方法，并希望能为我国城乡发展规律开拓出一条正确、合理的道路。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。