分化枝

It was observed that the influence of bud and its position on the healing process of grafting unions using hardwood sectioning method, and found that:(1) bud of a scion and its position to the graft unions have no influence on callusing formation of the isolation layers, and the early differentiation of cambia;(2) a scion bud closer to the grafting union would promote the formation of more compacted callus cells and the earlier formation of callus bridges;(3) conduit differentiation in grafting unions of lower-bud scions was later than that of other treatments.

利用滑动切片法对芽子有无及芽位对嫁接愈合过程的影响进行了观察，发现：(1)接芽有无及芽位对隔离层及愈伤组织形成和形成层的早期分化没有影响；(2)芽或去芽的芽位距接口近，可以促进愈伤组织的紧密连接，即愈伤组织桥的形成；(3)低位芽枝嫁接体中导管分化较晚，而其它处理导管的分化几乎是同时发生的，而且导管首先出现于愈伤组织薄壁细胞中。

The study aimed to explore different tissue culture conditions of Panicum virgatum and optimize its induction and differentiation medium.

［目的］探索柳枝稷的不同组培条件，优化其诱导和分化培养基。

The results showed that the Saccharopolyspora spinosa SP06081 protoplast yield was the highest under these conditions: the collected mycelium from SP06081 grown in Tryptic Soy Broth medium with 0.2% glycin for 48 h was treated by 0.1 mg/mL lysozyme at 28oC for 20 min, then plated on the R2YE medium with sucrose as osmotic stabilizer, the number of regeneration protoplast was up to 108/mL. The protoplast-regenerated strains exhibited changes in morphology and antibiotic production, 29.3% protoplast-regenerated strains was characterized by loose mycelium and abundant broken branches as did their parent. Among them, 58.2% strains presented the trend to positive variation in spinosad yield, with the highest spinosad yield of up to 582.0 mg/L, 85.6% higher than that of their parent.

结果表明：菌体在添加0.2%的甘氨酸的TSB培养基中培养48 h收集， 0.1 mg/mL 溶菌酶， 28oC作用20 min制备原生质体，将原生质体涂布于以蔗糖为渗透压稳定剂的R2YE培养基中，原生质体再生数目最多，达108个/mL以上；原生质体再生菌株在形态和抗生素产量上产生分化， 29.3%的再生菌株形态上保持与亲本菌株一致，具有菌丝松散，断裂分枝多的特点，其中53.2%的再生菌株多杀菌素产量变异向正方向移动，最高产量达到582.0 mg/L，比亲本菌株提高85.6%。

Effects of different nitrogen levels (0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg/hm^2) in spike stage on differentiation and degeneration of branches and spikelet of hybrid rice cultivar Liangyoupeijiu was studied under the condition of field environment.

以两优培九为材料，大田条件下研究水稻穗肥不同施氮量(0， 45， 90， 135， 180 kg/hm^2)对颖花和枝梗分化和退化的影响。

Maximum parsimony tree constructed by using 42 capra hircus from 16 breeds, 11 wild capra from 7 species and sheep used as outgroup. The results showed that domestic goats and wild capra existed differently branches except Capra aegagrus.

用绵羊作为外群，16个家养品种的42条细胞色素b序列以及7个野生种的11条序列构建了系统发育MP树，结果表明除角〓羊外，家山羊、野生山羊分别聚在不同的枝上，但在家山羊群体内部出现了遗传分化，本实验中测定的所有家山羊个体聚为3大类。

The short shoot differentiation came from the lateral buds among the bud scales, in the initial stage, the lateral buds elongating, and then differentiating two "anisomerous"(one was small, the other was big) needle primordia in the elongating courses; the big one differentiating once more, and formed three needle primordia.

短枝的发育来源于长枝上芽鳞间的侧芽，在发育的初期，侧芽进行伸长生长，在伸长生长的过程中首先分化出一大一小&不对称&的两个针叶原基，大的叶原基进一步分化，形成三个针叶原基。

The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.

例如，荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum，其中肋细胞胞壁较薄，无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化，也没有厚壁细胞分化，能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分；钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构，叶片较厚，中肋具导水主细胞，中肋背面具厚壁细胞，这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中；水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱，仅1层细胞，细胞胞壁薄，叶表无附属结构，中肋细胞层数少，无导水主细胞分化，也没有厚壁细胞，这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中；东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片，东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物，这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。

The results showed that rice straw growth and fascicular alteration interacted when water was deficient. It not only affected the transportation of nutritious substance from rhizine and leaf to kernel, but also led to the decrease of agronomic characters and yield. 4 ecotypes of rice vascular bund...

结果表明：水分不足对稻秆及秆中维管束的影响是相互的：稻秆的发育情况影响了维管束变化，同时维管束的变化影响了稻秆的发育，最终影响营养物质从根部、叶部向籽粒运输，从而使结粒数、稔实率、千粒重、产量下降。4种生态型水稻维管束系统与一次及高次枝梗数目、结粒数、千粒重等有类似的相关性，而且水分不足时反应出相同的结果，说明土壤水分对维管束系统的分化有很大的影响，水分不足将使维管束面积变小，维管束比增大，从而使产量变小。

RESULTS: H5N1 irus strains isolated in Cambodia belong to genotype Z, clade 1 iruses.

结果：从柬埔寨患者中分离到的H5N1型病毒属于Z基因型、分化枝1病毒。

Under Taiwan climatic condition, all buds on shoot of the Kyoho grapes were found capable of initiating fruit bud and fruiting.

巨峰葡萄的枝梢，各节的芽均可以分化成为果芽而有结果能力，而且在生长期中，台湾的环境条件如温度及日照时数等对於果芽分化均甚适宜。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐