分光的

To evaluate the specificity of the PCR, genomic DNA of Theileria annulata,Babesia bovis,Toxoplasma gondii,Leishmania donovani and standard strain of N. caninum were used as a template in the PCR. For determining the detection limit of amplification procedure, PCR was run on a dilution series of genomic DNA from N. caninum（1.562 5-200 ng/ml）. Brain tissue samples of 32 aborted fetuses were detected by PCR-based assay, and 23 blood samples from mothers were tested by ELISA. Results The amplified DNA fragment （350 bp）had a high identity of 98% with the Nc-5 gene sequence of N.

以环形泰勒虫、牛巴贝斯虫、刚地弓形虫、杜氏利什曼原虫以及犬新孢子虫标准株DNA为模板进行扩增以验证PCR的特异性，采用紫外分光光度计测定犬新孢子虫标准株DNA浓度和纯度，取高纯度的DNA样品用灭菌水稀释，分别取不同量的DNA进行PCR扩增，确定PCR方法的敏感性；利用该方法对32份奶牛流产的胎牛脑组织样品进行检测，同时，对其中23份流产的母牛血样进行ELISA血清学检测，以评价犬新孢子虫PCR方法的检测效果。

The drying process of chrome liquor was studied. The structure and property of chrome complex reducing by alcohol were analysed and tokened by many present well-rounded separation and analysis methods such as IR, UV-Vis Spectrum, IEC and pH potentiometry. Application tests of chrome tanning agents were conducted and tanning methods of tanning at high pH were studied. A systematic study was conducted on high alkalinity chrome tanning agents application in leather making process and possibility of clean chrome tanning was discussed.

本文系统地研究了多种小分子醇与重铬酸盐之间的氧化-还原反应，对反应过程进行了认真的剖析；对铬鞣液的干燥过程进行了研究；用红外光谱法、紫外及可见分光光度法、离子色谱法以及pH电位滴定法等多种比较成熟的现代分离分析方法相结合，对醇还原铬配合物的结构与性能进行了分析与表征；对铬鞣剂的鞣革性能进行了应用实验，研究了醇铬鞣剂在高pH值下的鞣制方法，并就高碱度铬鞣剂在制革过程中的应用进行了系统研究，探讨了用其实施清洁化铬鞣的可能性。

The drying process of chrome liquor was studied. The structure andproperty of chrome complex reducing by alcohol were analysed and tokened by manypresent well-rounded separation and analysis methods such as IR, UV-Vis Spectrum,IEC and pH potentiometry. Application tests of chrome tanning agents wereconducted and tanning methods of tanning at high pH were studied. A systematic studywas conducted on high alkalinity chrome tanning agents application in leather makingprocess and possibility of clean chrome tanning was discussed.

本文系统地研究了多种小分子醇与重铬酸盐之间的氧化-还原反应，对反应过程进行了认真的剖析；对铬鞣液的干燥过程进行了研究；用红外光谱法、紫外及可见分光光度法、离子色谱法以及pH电位滴定法等多种比较成熟的现代分离分析方法相结合，对醇还原铬配合物的结构与性能进行了分析与表征；对铬鞣剂的鞣革性能进行了应用实验，研究了醇铬鞣剂在高pH值下的鞣制方法，并就高碱度铬鞣剂在制革过程中的应用进行了系统研究，探讨了用其实施清洁化铬鞣的可能性。

The agriculture soils of Baimahu ,Lushan and Zoujiao are the typical cases in the suburbs of Changde. Rice soil and vegetable plot are the two typical agriculture soils, we collected 6 samples according to the scientific method in these three areas. After air dry, contuse, screen and make soil samples, we tested their 9 indexs of PH, organic-substance, total phosphorus, quick-acting phosphorus. Then analysed the fertility condition of these areas. Then apply feasible suggestion of fertilizer after putting forward science and suiting measures to local conditions etc, by Compare with the documents and materials. Absorb to Model TAS-986 atom spectrophotometer examine with flame law (air - acetylene ) terms of potassium make deep discussion especially.

白马湖，芦山乡和陬郊的耕作土壤是常德市郊区耕作土壤的典型代表，在这三个地区分别就水稻土和菜地这两个基本的土地耕作类型按科学的方法共采集了6个样品，经过风干，研碎，过筛制成土样后，测定了它们的PH，交换性酸，有机质，全磷，速效磷等9指标，从而对该地区耕作土壤肥力状况进行分析，对比文献资料，总结分析结果，针对不同地区不同的土壤状况，提出了科学施肥，因地制宜等可行性建议，尤其是对TAS—986型原子吸收分光光度计用火焰法测钾的条件作了深入的探讨。

According to the relation spectrum resolution is inverse proportional to focal distance given a certain incident wavelength and phase number,and the theoretic formula is consistent with reported experimental result.

光谱分辨率是评价衍射微透镜分光特性的主要指标，根据标量衍射理论，给出了多台阶位相型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式，并利用球面波的传输理论推导了微透镜主焦距与光谱分辨率之间的函数关系，得出在入射波长和位相台阶数一定的情况下，光谱分辨率与中心焦距之间呈反比；理论推导的结果与已发表的实验结果一致。

The formula group for the design of multi-phase micro Fresnel lens according to scalar diffraction theory was given and the transmission theory of spherical wave were used to deduce the relation of focal distance of the micro lens with spectrum resolution. According to the relation spectrum resolution is inverse proportional to focal distance given a certain incident wavelength and phase number, and the theoretic formula is consistent with reported experimental result.

光谱分辨率是评价衍射微透镜分光特性的主要指标，根据标量衍射理论，给出了多台阶位相型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式，并利用球面波的传输理论推导了微透镜主焦距与光谱分辨率之间的函数关系，得出在入射波长和位相台阶数一定的情况下，光谱分辨率与中心焦距之间呈反比；理论推导的结果与已发表的实验结果一致。

The feeding and excretion of three little fishes (Hemiculter. leucisculus, Tilapia. aurea and Cirrhinus. molitorelld) was studied and their effect on water quality of Qiankeng reservoir in Shenzhen City Around the topdown effect of fish was also studied. Based on the analysis of their stomach contents, their diet composition was assayed. The three fishes" feeding rhythm in cage and their rate of digestion indoor were looked into, and their daily ration was estimated through the method of daily average fullness index. Using the spectrophotometer, the content of chlorophyll a in the stomach was measured, and the feasibility of taking the chlorophyll a as an index of measuring the feeding of fish on phytoplankton was studied. Adopting the national standard method, the effect of the three fishes" excretion on total nitrogen, total phosphorus, CODMn, pH, turbidity and conductivity coefficient was surveyed. The effect of feeding and excretion offish on water quality was discussed and the results revealed as follows:H.

围绕鱼类的下行效应，本文以深圳茜坑水库三种小型鱼类Hemiculter leucisculus罗非鱼Tilapia.aurea和鲮鱼Cirrhmus.molitorella为研究对象，以胃含物分析为基础，分析了三种鱼类的食物组成；调查了网箱中自然状态下三种鱼的摄食节律，在室内调查了三种鱼的食物消化速率，运用日平均饱满指数法计算出三种鱼的日粮；采用分光光度法测定了鱼体肠叶绿素含量，探讨了叶绿素作为鱼类对浮游植物摄食量衡量指标的可行性；采用国家标准的水质测量方法，测定了鱼类排泄对总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、pH、浊度和电导率的影响量。

By computer simulation, we analyze the influence of the incidence plane, incidence angle and thickness of air gap on transmittance, and the dependence of the transmittance on wavelength is given in the spectral range which is required by the instrument system using Sellmeier dispersion equation. The transmittance of Grand-Taylor prism is tested in experiment, and the results are in good agreement with the theoretical results, so the correctness of the theory is verified.

论述了自行设计研制的偏振干涉成像光谱仪的工作原理，分析了其核心部件格兰-泰勒棱镜的分光机理；运用光线追迹方法，推导出了格兰-泰勒棱镜全视场角透过率计算公式；通过计算机模拟分析了入射面、入射角和空气隙厚度对该棱镜透过率的影响，并利用方解石Sellmeier色散方程，给出了该棱镜在仪器系统要求的光谱范围内透过率与波长的关系曲线；实验测试结果与理论计算公式相符，验证了理论公式的正确性。

In the biochemical analysis aspect, it is first time to use the simple fluorescence spectrophotometer to determine the protein in human serum by red alizarin as the probe of the RLS. The experiment shows that the system HSA-red alizarin has the maximum intensity of the RLS in Britton-Robison buffer of pH4.10 at maximum wavelength of about 360nm. The method has better linear range within 0.040-10.0ug/mL, determination limit is 0.040ug/mL. Moreover, We have selected three other dyes of chromotrope 2R, acid chrome dark blue and pyrocatechin violet as the probes of the RLS in determining protein in human serum and achieving satisfactory results.

在生化分析方面，作者首次使用简易960型荧光分光光度计，利用茜素红作为共振光散射光谱探针对人血清中的蛋白质含量进行了测定，测定结果显示在pH4.10的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液，波长360nm处出现最大的共振光散射强度，其线性范围为0.040～10.0μg／mL，检出限为0.040μg／mL；另外，作者还筛选了其他三种可用作蛋白质测定的共振光散射光谱探针的有机染料：变色酸2R、酸性铬深蓝、邻苯二酚紫，并深入研究了测定的适宜条件和干扰情况，将这三种有机染料用于人血清中蛋白质含量的测定，均取得了满意结果。

Significant processing steps can include: a phase changes involving either the desired molecule or the solvent, inert carrier or vehicle, e.g., dissolution, crystallization, evaporation, sublimation, distillation or absorption; b a phase separation such as filtration or centrifugation; c any chemical change involving the desired molecule, e.g., removal or addition of water of hydration, acetylization, formation of the salt; d an adjustment of the solution containing the molecule such as adjustment of pH or pO2; e a precision measurement of contained or added BPC components, in-process solutions, recycled materials is performed, i.e., weighing, volumetric measuring, optical rotation, spectrophotometric determinations, etc.; and f changes occur in surface area, particle size, or lot uniformity, e.g., milling, agglomeration, blending.

意义较大的步骤可能会包括：a相变化，包括指定分子或溶剂，惰性载体或溶媒，如溶出作用，结晶，蒸发，升华，蒸馏或吸附；b相分离，如过滤或离心；c涉及指定分子的任一化学变化，如结晶水的除去或添加，乙酰化作用，成盐；d包含分子的溶解的调节，如调节pH或pO2；e 含有或添加原料药组分，过程内溶液，回收物料的精密测量，如，称重，体积测量，旋光度，分光光度测定，等和f 表面，粒度，或批一致性的变化，如磨碎，凝块，混合。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失