分为两部分

The result shows that the requirements and testing methods for flammability of building materials are similar between the United State and Canada, and they mainly are engaged in the test of combustibility and flame spread. In European Union, a new classification system for flammability of building materials was implemented in 2001, which includes two systems; one is for floor coverings and the other for all other building units. In Japan, the interior materials are classified into non-combustible, quasi noncombustible and fire-retardant materials according to Cone Calorimeter method (ISO 5660). China has established a non-combustible test, a three-class classification system for combustible wall and ceiling interior finishing materials and a two-class classification system for combustible floor coverings.

通过研究认为：美国和加拿大对建筑材料燃烧性能的要求和试验方法基本相似，他们主要针对材料的燃烧性、火焰传播进行检测；欧盟于2001年颁布了新的燃烧性分级体系，该分级体系包括专门针对铺地材料部分和针对其他所有建筑构件材料和产品部门；日本采用锥形量热计法(ISO 5660)将内装饰材料分为不燃、准不燃和阻燃材料3个等级；我国对建筑材料的试验方法包括不燃性试验方法、墙和天花板内装饰材料的三级分级体系和铺地材料两级分级体系。

This thesis is divided into six parts. The first chapter is preface, the current status of research in the inverse problems for parabolic partial differential equations is reported; the second chapter is "regularization methods for numerical differentiation and their applications ", in this chapter we investigate many regularization methods from a viewpoint of regularization theory and algorithm, some applications in the inverse problems for parabolic partial differential equations are given; the third chapter is "spectral regularization methods". Based on Fourier analysis, within the framework of regularization theory, we apply the spectral methods to some ill-posed problems. Many numerical experiments are done in order to show the validity of the methods; the fourth chapter is devoted to wavelet dual least squares method and a revised wavelet method; in the fifth chapter,we combine finite difference method with method of lines and apply it to the backward heat conduction problem in time; in the sixth chapter "identification problems for unknown source ", the essence and the degree of two problems related to source identification are pointed out, at the same time, some numerical methods are reported.

本文分为六个部分，第一章前言简要分析了国内外抛物型偏微分方程反问题的研究现状；第二章数值微分的正则化及其应用从正则化理论和算法的角度出发，考察了许多正则化方法，还给出了数值微分在抛物型偏微分方程反问题的一些应用；第三章谱正则化方法是在Fourier分析的基础上，在一般正则化理论的框架下，给出了这种方法在各种不适定问题中的应用，数值实验表明谱方法是有效的；第四章研究了小波对偶最小二乘方法和改进的小波方法；第五章主要研究了有限差分方法结合线方法在时间反向热传导问题中的应用；第六章是未知源识别问题，主要指出了两类未知源问题的不适定程度和不适定本质，同时报告了一些数值方法。

In this chapter the author reviews the history of the concept of rights in the Occident and China.

权利概念的源流分为其在西方的生成与在中国的引进发展两个部分，主要回顾与梳理了权利概念生成的历史。

This theory had three main parts. First, based on the DIT, they rectified the DIT1 and constructed the DIT2. Second, in accordance with the factor analysis on the responses to the DIT, they postulated three moral schemas (the personal interest schema, the maintaining norm schema and the postconventional schema) instead of stages with distinct justice operations. Third, in light of the double classification(the moral schema predominance and the moral schema mixture), they produced six moral types.

它主要有三部分内容：第一，莱斯特等人以确定问题测验为方法基础，着手对最初的确定问题测验版本(DIT1)进行修订，形成了新的确定问题测验版本(DIT2)；第二，他们在对大量的DIT反应进行因素分析的基础上，得出三个道德图式，即个人利益图式、保持规范图式和后习俗图式，由此将科尔伯格的阶段论改造为道德图式论；第三，莱斯特等人根据道德图式在人们头脑中的优势及其混合两种分类标准，将个体分为六种类型，建构了道德类型论。

This theory had three main parts.First, based on the DIT, they rectifed the DIT1 and constructed the DIT2. Second, in accordancewith the factor analysis on the responses to the DIT, they postulated three moral schemas (thepersonal interest schema, the maintaining norm schema and the postconventional schema) insteadof stages with distinct justice operations.'Third, in light of the double classification(the moralschema predominance and the moral schema mixture), they produced six moral types.

它主要有三部分内容：第一，莱斯特等人以确定问题测验为方法基础，着手对最初的确定问题测验版本进行修订，形成了新的确定问题测验版本(DIT2 )：第二，他们在对大量的DIT反应进行因素分析的基础上，得出三个道德图式，即个人利益图式、保持规范图式和后习俗图式，由此将科尔伯格的阶段论改造为道德图式论：第三，莱斯特等人根据道德图式在人们头脑中的优势及其混合两种分类标准，将个体分为六种类型，建构了道德类型论。

Traced to the source to the characters original meaning at the same time, pectination and textual research the word original meaning of the characters in heart radical in shuowenjiezi comprehensive.

在理清《说文》本义的基础上，本文首次将全部《说文》心部字系联为一个内部相互贯通、层次清晰、界定明确、结构完整的意义体系，将心部字分成心态、心情、心性、心智四个大类，每一类分为正反相对的两个部分，每一部分之下又细分为若干组。

This part is divided into four small parts, they can be summarized as the following: 1 The symmetry and homogeneity of tall building is presented in four aspects:(1) The lateral rigidity of tall building follows two principal axises direction and the characteristic of deformation are very alike.

第二部分概述；分为四小结，1）高层建筑结构的对称性、均匀性主要体现在以下四个方面，（1）高层建筑主体抗侧力结构沿两个主轴方向的刚度比较接近、变形特性比较相似。

Design includes two big aspects, one is pushcart move part ,the other is the operation of arm.

设计包括两大方面，其中之一是自动行走部分，另一部分为手臂的运转。

Using Delphi 7, prepared by remote-control programs, and services into the client-side preparation of two parts.

详细说明：用Delphi 7编写的远程控制程序，分为客户端和服务端两个部分编写。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章，第一章，引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术；第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证，介绍抬高模式原理，利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量，论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性，从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础；第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立，对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析；第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用：α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白，通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性，摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用；第六章对全文进行了总结，在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后，还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。