函数的积分

The main purpose is to construct cubature formulae on an arbitrary spherical triangle. Firstly a method for accurately computing the definite integral of spherical polynomial functions on a spherical triangle is proposed.

本文主要研究定义在球面三角形上函数的数值积分，通过积分的插值多项式函数构造具有多项式精度的插值型求积公式，以及给出精确计算球面三角形上多项式函数方法。

The characteristic function of the probability density function of response variable is obtained by the high efficient multidimensional numerical integration method or convolution integral based on response surface method. Then the discrete probability density function of response variable is calculated using the fast Fourier inverse transform technique, at last the cumulative distribution function of the response variable can be quantitatively determined.

首先利用高效多维数值积分方法或基于响应面法的卷积积分求解功能函数的分布函数的特征函数，也就是进行Fourier正变换；然后利用快速Fourier逆变换数值求解功能函数的概率密度函数，进而求得失效概率。

In order to avoid the singularity in the integration, the integrand was expressed to be sum of complex exponential terms by using discrete complex image method. With generalized pencil of function method introduced, the number, location and intensity of images were obtained without extracting the quasi-static and surface wave terms in the integrand, which makes DCIM more efficient for multi-layered media.

为了避免积分中的奇异性，利用离散复镜像法将积分核用复镜像的指数求和式表示，引入广义函数束方法，可以在不提取积分核中表面波项的条件下，采用数值方法提取准静态项，给出复镜像点的数目、位置和强度，使得该方法在多层介质情况下对格林函数的计算更为有效。

Baernstein[2] gave the conclusion by using Koebe function as the extremal function , Glenn Schober[6] studied the classes such as S, P, K, S* of H and represented these functions with integral formulations. Wang Jian[3] and others investigated the integral mean values. Our work is continuation of their work.

Baernstein首先在单位圆上讨论给出了以Koebe函数作为极值函数的结论，Glenn Schober对H中一些函数子类如S、P、K、S~*等作了研究，将这些子类上的函数用积分表达出来，王键结合Baernstein~*函数的定义及Glenn Schober的结论，定义了对称集的概念并得出了一些函数类在其上的积分平均。

In the integral formula of Fourier transforms of option pricing formula,by using residues theorem two integrations were simplified into a single numerical integration which has a faster rate of decay.

在期权定价公式的傅立叶变换积分公式中，运用留数定理将公式中的两个积分式子化简成一个被积函数衰减较快的积分函数式，从理论上提高了计算效率，缩短了计算时间，为投资者快速计算期权价值节约了时间。

Meanwhile, having a good knowledge of the concept of the indefinite integral and selecting and using the indefinite integral method in the right way, is the key to put the indefinite integral calculates into practice.

不少学生对不定积分的计算总是掌握不好，究其原因，一是对不定积分的基本概念不清楚，二是对如何正确使用不定积分方法不清楚。1不定积分在计算中常用的概念1原函数的定义：若F′=f，则称F为f的一个原函数。

And it makes a detailed and brief exposition, and offers some extremely targeted examples of the application, in order to understand the integrability conditions and enhance the understanding and application capability.

文章最后专门讨论了复合函数的黎曼可积性和可积函数列的逐项积分，得出了如何根据特定条件来判断一个复合函数可积性的定理和判定一个函数列可逐项积分的一个充分条件，并将其推广，得到一个更弱的充分条件。

It is found that there are similarities in terms of spectral integral among the wind input source terms given by Jeffreys, Sverdrup and Munk, and Plant and among the wave breaking dissipation source terms given by Tsikunov,Hasselmann and Philips,although the original forms and the physical considerations of these source terms are significantly different.

发现Jeffreys，Sverdrup和Munk以及Plant的风能输入源函数在谱积分意义下具有相似性，而Tsikunov，Hasselmann和Phillips的破波耗散源函数在谱积分意义下也具有相似性，尽管这些源函数的原始形式和物理背景显著地不同。

In study of the truss structural dynamic characteristics analysis, randomness of the structural physical parameters and geomtric ones are all considered. The finite element model of the stochastic truss is built and the random functions of its natural frequencies are obtained by use of the Rayleigh quotient. Employing probabilistic distribution function expression for the random functions, through a series of mathematical processing including determination of limits of integrals, variable substitution etc., the probaabilistic density function for the truss natural frequencies are gained to realige accurate calculation for the reliability of the truss natural frequencies.

考虑结构物理参数和几何参数的随机性，通过构建随机参数桁架结构的有限元模型，利用瑞利商公式获得了结构固有频率随机函数的计算表达式，应用随机函数的概率分布函数表达式，通过确定积分区间、变量替换、积分顺序变换等一系列数学上的处理，获得结构固有频率的概率密度函数，进而实现对结构固有频率可靠度的精确计算。

Since the commutators of both sing-ular integral operators and fractional integral operator with BMO functions areone of the special cases of〓,so the discussion of the boundedness of〓notonly gives a new proof of the boundedness of the two commutators,but al-soweakens some of restrictions into discuss the problem,thus it impro-vessome of results inwith the method of complex analysis,show-ed boundedness of〓,then directly obtained boundedness of the commutato-rs of fractional integral operator with BMO functions.

既然奇异积分算子和分数次积分算子与BMO函数的交换子是其特殊情形，所以〓的有界性的讨论不仅给出了中关于这两类交换子有界性的一个新的证明，而且减弱了中讨论这一问题时对齐型空间所作的限制，从而改进了中的结果（利用复分析的方法，先证明〓的有界性，从而直接得到分数次积分算子与BMO函数的交换子〓的有界性。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。