函数的积分

Based on the double integrator model,a control strategy is designed by using potential function which is proposed from the perspective of electric potential.

在二次积分模型的基础上，采用了采用了势能函数进行控制设计，该势能函数是基于电势场的概念提出的。

The solution of the equation and the period of the particle motion for a non-pertubated system are expressed exactly by means of Jacobian elliptic function and the 1-st kind elliptic integral.Melnikov function of the rotated periodic orbit is constructed,and also bifurcation of the system is analyzed by the method.

利用Jacobian椭圆函数和椭圆积分给出了系统的解和粒子运动周期，用Melnikov方法构造了旋转型周期轨道的Melnikov函数，并用这个方法分析了系统的局部分叉性质。

Based on Collins integral formula and the expansion of the hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions,the approximate analytical expression of the diffraction field of Gaussian beam by a circular disc is derived,and its characteristics are analyzed by the numerical calculation and numerical simulation.

基于圆孔光阑函数展开为复高斯函数和的方法，用Colins积分公式，导出了高斯光束照射下圆盘衍射的光场近似解析表达式，经计算机数值计算，对高斯光束照射下圆盘衍射的衍射特性进行了详细的分析

Based on the Collins formula, the analytical propagation equations for a Gaussian beam through a multiple spatial filter system are derived by using the methods of the matrix decomposition and expanding the aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian function .

以Collins衍射积分公式为基础，利用A0CD矩阵分解与物理实现的技巧，以及将硬边光阑窗口函数展开为有限个复高斯函数之和的方法，推导出了高斯光束通过多级空间滤波器系统的传输方程，并用数值计算加以说明。

The computing precision with this method is high, which is higher than 10〓 in whole complex plane and is higher than 10〓 in great majority of the complex plane. In addition, the symmetry relations of the two functions and complex zeros of Fresnel integral are studied also.

此外，本章还研究了菲涅耳积分和过度函数在复平面上的对称性、零点、变化规律等，绘出了复平面上的三维立体图和二维等值线图，使人们对这两个特殊函数在复平面上有一个清晰的直观的认识。

The main results are as follows: the relations between local fractional integrated semigroups and the corresponding Cauchy problem, global fractional integrated semigroups and regularized semigroups are given; introduction of the notion of regularized resolvent families, and the generation theorem and analyticity criterions for regularized resolvent families are obtained; the spectral inclusions between fractional resolvent family and its generator, and the approximation for fractional resolvent families in the cases of generators approximation and fractional orders approximation; elliptic operators with variable coefficients generating fractional resolvent family on L^2 by using numerical range techniques; and the L^p theory for elliptic operators with real coefficients highest order are obtained by Sobolev''s inequalities and the a priori estimates for elliptic operators; and a kind of coercive differential operators generates fractional regularized resolvent family by applying the Fourier multiplier method, functional calculus and some basic properties of Mittag-Leffler functions.

主要结论是：给出了局部分数次积分半群和相应的Cauchy问题的关系以及分数次积分半群和正则半群的关系；引入了正则预解族的概念，并给出了其生成定理和解析生成法则；给出了分数次预解族与其生成元的谱包含关系，并研究了在生成元逼近和分数阶逼近两种情况下相应的预解族的逼近问题；利用数值域方法证明了具变系数的椭圆算子在L^2上生成分数次预解族；利用Sobolev不等式和椭圆算子的先验估计证明了具变系数的椭圆算子在其最高项系数为实数时在L^p上生成分数次预解族；运用Fourier乘子理论、泛函演算和Mittag-Leffler函数证明了一类强制微分算子可以生成分数次正则预解族，并给出了该预解族的范数估计。

Remove row and column' and 'put a big number' have been used for the first boundary;a continuous Regional Identification Function is used on the basis of non-variant nodal virtual flux method for the free surface boundary;Gauss formula is used to make the curved surface integral of the free surface boundary transformed as the difference between volumn integral and other curved surface integral to calculate the integral item on boundaries, which avoiding finding the position of free surface, while the continuous Regional Identification Function is applied to calculate volumn integral and surface integral;Crout and PCG method is used for solusion.

对于已知水头边界，采用"去行去列法"和"置大数法"进行处理；对于自由面穿过的单元，在固定网格节点虚流量法的基础上，引入连续的区域识别函数；对于非稳定渗流中自由面边界积分项，采用高斯公式将求自由面的面积分转化为求体积分与其他面积分之差，避免了求自由面的具体位置，同时在计算体积分和面积分时采用连续的区域识别函数；在解法上，采用直接解法和PCG法。

Based on the method that a rectangular function can be expanded into a sum of complex Gaussian functions with finite numbers, the propagation characteristics of a Gaussian beam passing through apertured spatial filter systems are analysed and the corresponding analytical formulae are obtained respectively.

根据矩形函数可以展开为有限复高斯函数之和的方法，从柯林斯衍射积分公式出发，对高斯光束通过受限空间滤波器传输特性进行分析，得到了相应的近似解析式。利用Matlab对其解析式进行数值模拟，得出一组直观的结果。

This article discusses the use of the theorem of the residues to calculate Cauchy's Principal values of the improper integral, where auxiliary function has poles of higher order on the real axis and proposes a new theorem of culcuation.

在复函中应用留数定理计算广义积分的科希主值时，许多著作仅讨论了辅助函数在实轴上有一阶极点的情形[1-3]，有的则认为：辅助函数"在实轴上的奇点不能是二阶或二阶以上的极点["4，5]。

This paper is aimed at functions, function and a series of parameter improper integral uniform convergence of discriminate method to make a brief summary.

本文主要是针对函数列、函数项级数以及含参量反常积分的一致收敛的判别方法作出一个简单的总结。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。