函数变量

The concepts of variable, function and their application are the kernels of algebra abstract thought.

变量和函数的观念及其运用又是代数抽象思维中最核心的部分。

Algebra abstract thought is a typical pattern of psychological activit...

变量和函数的观念及其运用又是代数抽象思维中最核心的部分。

After a detailed analysis of the forces in subway train's running, the dynamics mathematical model of subway train is constructed; the eventbased control technology is adopted to solve the controlling of subway, the velocity and acceleration function with respect to the distance are deduced by introducing the action reference variable in the control problem which the object is to minimize the running time. The running scheme can be programmed in realtime, the delay caused by uncertain events is avoided. So it offers a new way for the metro research.

分析了地铁列车运行过程中的受力情况，建立了地铁列车的力学模型；将基于事件的控制技术应用到地铁列车的控制中，通过引入运动参考变量，求出在以站间最小运行时间为最终目标的列车控制中，列车速度、加速度等关于列车运行距离的函数表达式，从而可以根据列车走行距离来实时调整和规划地铁的运行规律，避免人为因素或不确定性因素导致的列车运行晚点，为研究地铁列车的规划提供了一种新的方法。

Definite economic explanations to spatial adjoint function and control variables are presented.

并对空间伴随函数和控制变量给出了明确的经济学解释。

And an optimal operation strategy of any kind of products subject to spoilage at any time is obtained on the basis of the proposition of the model of distributed parameter control systems. Moreover, definite economic explanations to spatial adjoint function and control variables are presented.

通过建立可变质产品的最优经营管理的分布参数控制系统模型，得出了零售企业每个瞬间每种可变质产品的最优经营管理策略，并对空间伴随函数和控制变量给出了明确的经济学解释。

Main contributions and achievements are as follows:A general non-equilibrium rigorous model for RDP is developed in this thesis. Based on the pseudo-homogenous assumption, two main factors reaction and separation are de-coupled, and an RDP model with the same format as that for a traditional distillation process is established. To solve the model with a large number of algebraic equations, modified M-K equations with tri-diagonal matrix form are developed based on the improved Separation Efficiency Functions, which greatly increases the iteration efficiency. This thesis also develops a general reactive distillation dynamic model. Through splitting of the differential variables based on SEFS, large-scaled differential algebraic equations can be solved with the improved Gear's algorithm which makes the dynamic model suitable for the on-line application. A simulation platform for the control loop design and evaluation of RDP by introducing control system equations into the dynamic model is also developed.A lactic acid purification pilot-scale RDP is investigated.

论文对热点问题——反应精馏过程的建模与优化控制相关技术进行了深入的研究，取得了一系列成果：1、建立了反应精馏过程机理模型，基于拟均相假设，将反应和分离过程进行解耦，推导出反应精馏过程的非平衡级稳态模型和动态模型，通过引入推广的分离效率函数，对模型变量进行了合理划分，显著提高了模型求解效率；将动态模型和控制系统方程结合，建立了反应精馏过程控制系统研究的辅助工具。2、全面分析了乳酸提纯反应精馏新工艺试验装置，利用本文建立的过程机理模型，对该试验装置进行了稳态和动态性能分析及水力学核算；设计和分析了单边质量控制方案，比较了间接和直接物料平衡控制两种方案的控制性能。

In order that the state equations are standard or normal form, the instatevariables iR and uR in these equations should be expressed as the algebroidal function of exciting source and the state variables.

为使状态方程呈标准形式，方程中的非状态变量iR和uR必须表为激励源和状态量的函数。

To overcome the shortcomings of existing algorithms, the distributed parallel reactive power optimization algorithm based on sub-area division of the power systems is proposed according to the distributed and decentralized charac

针对目前无功电压优化算法存在的不足，根据电力系统分布、分散的特点，提出了基于电网分区的分布式并行无功优化算法，并对其进行了多目标、软约束的模糊化处理和离散控制变量的罚函数处理，利用直接非线性原—对偶内点法寻优求解。

To overcome the shortcomings of existing algorithms, the distributed parallel reactive power optimization algorithm based on sub-area division of the power systems is proposed according to the distributed and decentralized characteristics of the power system. Here, multi-objective function and soft constraints are modeled using fuzzy sets, and the multi-objective reactive power optimization problem is solved by the direct nonlinear primal-dual interior point algorithm.

针对目前无功电压优化算法存在的不足，根据电力系统分布、分散的特点，提出了基于电网分区的分布式并行无功优化算法，并对其进行了多目标、软约束的模糊化处理和离散控制变量的罚函数处理，利用直接非线性原—对偶内点法寻优求解。

Suppose we pair our incrementing function with another function, this time incrementing by two

假设我们把自增函数和另外一个每次让变量自增2的函数放在一起。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。