函数

By level function,ε-subdifferential, normal cone and dual function, global optimal solutions for a convex function in locally convex topological vector space and a few of equivalent forms on it are obtained. Maximum points are characterized.

讨论局部凸拓扑向量空间中凸函数的全局最优解，用水平函数、ε-次微分及法向锥和共轭函数等工具刻画其最大值点，得到最优解的几个等价形式。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

For example,a generalization of linear algebra is developed in which "convex bifunctions" are the analogues of linear transformations,and "inner products" of convex sets and functions are defined in terms of the extremal values in Fenchel's Duality Theorem.

例如，一类线性代数的推广形式在凸双重函数中发展起来，而凸双重函数是线性变换的类似情况，凸集和凸函数的内积是根据 Fenchel 对偶理论的极值定义的。

In particular, for recurrent event data, we proposed a novel nonparametric estimator of the survival function and obtained an efficient estimator of the expected total number of events for counting processes. Also we established asymptotic properties of these estimators and investigated nonparametric estimation of survival functions, density functions and hazard functions under various types of incomplete data.

在重复事件发生的情况下，创新地提出了一种生存函数的非参数估计，获得了计数过程中预期事件总数的估计以及这些估计的大样本性质，并在其他各种不完全数据下对生存函数，概率密度和失效率函数等非参数估计进行了深刻研究。

In this paper, the analytic solution for scattering of SH-wave by elliptic cylinder in anisotropic medium is given by the method of separation of variables in elliptic coodi- nates and Mathieu functions.

对于这一课题的研究，介质为各向同性时，有些学者采用波函数益加〔，积分方程技术田和Fourier积分方法⑧；介质为各向异性时，有些学者则利用复变函数构造解的完备函数序列，把间题转化为对一组无穷型的代数方程的求解〔魂，〔5，。

It briefly includes several following aspects: First, Jacobi elliptic function were introduced and some of its main characters were discussed simply.

本文首先简要介绍了Jacobi椭圆函数及其性质，然后介绍了非线性发展方程的Jacobi椭圆函数展开法和目前的一些演化和扩展情况，最后着重介绍本人对Jacobi椭圆函数在求解非线性发展方程中的应用方面所作的研究。

From the empirical distribution function,a new algorithm of the distribution function is obtained by using the theory of the spline function.

由经验分布函数出发，利用样条函数理论，给出构造分布函数的一种算法。

Although the merit function introduced here is the sum of squares of overdetermined equations, by using the special structure of it, we successfully form the Newton equation by avoiding the product of Jacobi matrices and using only the Jacobi matrix of the function defining NCP.

对非线性互补问题，利用所构造价值函数具有的特殊非线性最小二乘结构，成功实现了具有一般意义的构造Newton方程时仅利用价值函数的一阶导数且无须计算相应残量函数Jacobi矩阵乘积的Newton法。

These new APN polynomial functionsare not Carlet-Charpin-Zinoviev equivalent to Dobbertin functions, and arenot equivalent to the known functions under certain conditions.

该APN函数不Carlet-Charpin-Zinoviev等价于Dobbertin函数，且在特定条件下不等价于已知的函数。

The essential prerequisite for convergence of any optimization algorithm is that the objective function to be solved has only one minimum in its definition domain, that is, it is a single valley one.

而各种最优化算法收敛的前提条件是所要搜索的目标函数在其定义域上只有一个极小值，即目标函数是单谷函数。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。