函数

In this paper, the computation of original likelihood function is transformed into the optimal problem of its low bound through the conjugate representation of the convex function, and a additional parameter is introduced to control the smoothing degree of low bound, and so the performance of local optimal solution can be improved.

我们利用凸泛函的对偶性，将原似然函数的复杂计算问题转化为对其下界函数的优化问题，从而降低学习算法的复杂性；并通过引入一个参数来控制下界函数的光滑程度来改善局部最优解的性能；指出了传统的期望最大化算法(Expectation Maximization Algorithm)是变分学习算法的特殊情况。

It was shown that when the production function was constant return to scale, the model became a A-K model; when the production function was increasing return to scale, the equilibrium point was unstable; when the production function was decreasing return to scale, the equilibrium point was a saddle.

结果发现：生产函数为规模收益不变时，模型简化为A-K模型；生产函数为规模收益递增时，均衡点为不稳定结点；生产函数为规模收益递减时，均衡点为鞍点稳定。关键词：数理经济学；经济增长；政府支出；生产效应

Firstly, the approach formulates a cost functional to turn the inverse problem into a constrained minimization problem according to least squares criterion, then the resulting constrained minimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained minimization problem by using a penalty function technique, and then the closed Fr chet derivatives of the Lagrange function with respect to the properties are derived based on the calculus of variations, finally, one can solve the resulting problem by using any gradient-based algorithm and the finite-difference time-domain method.

该方法首先以最小二乘准则构造目标函数，将逆问题表示为约束最小化问题；接着应用罚函数法转化为无约束最小化问题；然后基于变分计算导出闭式的拉格朗日函数关于特征参数的Fr chet导数；最后借助梯度算法和时域有限差分法迭代反演德拜模型参数。

Furthermore, we define a convolution multiplication between characteristic functions of constructible subsets by using push-forward functor from the category of algebraic varieties over C to the category of spaces of constructible functions. We construct geometric model for "intrinsic symmetry" of the octahedral axiom in a triangulated category. Using it, we deduce the multiplication satisfies the Jacobi identity of Lie algebra and then realize infinite dimensional Lie algebras.

进一步，我们使用复代数簇范畴到可构函数空间范畴的pushforward函子，给出了可构集上特征函数的卷积乘法，并构造了三角范畴八面体公理的内蕴对称性的几何模型，最终证明了对于不可分解支撑有界可构集的特征函数，乘法满足李代数定义的Jacobi恒等式，从而给出了无限维李代数的实现。

Using the continued fraction method other than the traditional recurrence methods to generate the Bessel function, we built an accurate code for calculating the Mie scattering.

2利用Mie散射模式计算气溶胶散射相函数的展开式系数，直接提供逐次散射计算中所需要的立体角积分网格上的相函数，避免为获得相函数而进行内插。

Based on the summation of numerical solutions of the free water surface seepage flow, a new concept called Regional Identification Function is put forward. It is pointed out that the reason why the initial flow method is unstable is that the RIF is discontinuous. Linearization continuity method for the RIF is suggested and then a revised initial flow method is presented.

在总结现有自由面渗流求解方法的基础上，提出了区域识别函数的新概念，指出区域识别函数不连续是导致初流量法解不稳定的主要原因，并对此函数进行了线性微调，提出了改进初流量法。

Continuity on first derivative of wave function is discussed by means of several instances of finite and infinite transition s of potential function and hereby continuity conditions is pinpointed.

结合势函数有限跃变和无限跃变的几种实例，讨论波函数一阶导数在势函数跃变处的连续性问题，从而进一步明确连续性条件。

Based on the viewpoint of set and denseness,this paper discusses some characteristics of the of continuity set and differentiable function set,and the structure of differentiable function sets,and demonstrates that there does not exist a continuous functional sequence {fn} which is convergent to Dirichlet function.

从集合观点和稠密性出发，讨论了连续函数和可导点集的一些特性及可导函数点集的构造，并证明了R上不存在收敛于Dirichlet函数的连续函数列{fn

In the proof,sufficient conditions are proved mainly by properties of K function and continuity of Lyapunov function:in necessary proof,we separately structure Lyapunov functions which satisfy the conditions of the theorems, such that the results establish.

在定理的证明中充分性主要利用K类函数严格单调递增和Lyapunov函数的连续性；必要性的证明中，分别构造Lyapunov函数，满足定理的条件，使得定理的结论成立。

The paper studied how to structure a kind of counterexample function in the analysis and widespread application emphatically, further pointed out the misunderstandings easily appeared in the concept and theorem of continuity, derivable, integrable, and other analytic properties of the function and gave the corresponding counter-example finally.

研究了一类函数在分析学相关反例构造中的应用，进一步指出有关函数的连续、可导、可积等分析性质的概念与定理中容易出现的误区，并给出相应的反例，希望能引起高校师生对该类函数的重视，进一步提高教学效果。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。