出故障的

Base on the risk analyses on popular and fire-prone appliances such as air conditioner, refrigerator, washer, television and water heater, etc., results from research by experts world-wide together with our own experience of investigating fire accidents, this paper reviews and presents research results on causes of fire and the investigation methods. We propose several major factors which lead to most of the accidents of home appliance fire. These factors include flaws in design, failures of components, environmental conditions and improper operations.

本文的主要工作及结果如下： 1、通过对空调器、电冰箱、洗衣机、电视机和电热器具(包括电熨斗、电热毯、电热水器)等常见的、容易引起火灾的家用电器的工作原理和结构特点进行分析，指出容易引起火灾的因素，并参考国内外火灾事故调查专家和同行的研究成果，总结出家用电器火灾发生的主要原因是由于设计制造缺陷、元器件故障、外界环境影响和使用者操作不当等几大因素造成的。

The cinema is very bad to search, put a half to give breakdown to go back replay... need memory ability remembers gut, it is a common Hollywood is big so, do not understand why to so much person can buy the ticket of 150, do so that be like ~~~ to appreciate Shanghai one week with Culture Revolution, the Sun Ganlou that still has Shuai Shuai and the film review after all editor ~~~ are small salon, be present possibly mix with respect to me wild goose is not liberal art one's previous experience, they have the blueness that nod anger literary cell, saying is almost,"I feel this film not up to much "... so that Xiang Siwei needs authority later,those who who likes this movie look in light of raise one's hand... wild goose likes 3D, apparent love hate is trenchant, touch field, vigorous speech so " reader "(she is raise one's hand, the 囧 that does not need an editor to call-over), it is this ask her to see a stage play again.

影院很不好找，放了一半出了故障倒回往重放……需要回忆才能想起剧情，所以就是部普通的好莱坞***，不懂为何会有那么多人往买150的票，搞得跟***似~~~感谢上海壹周，还有帅帅的孙甘露及所有编辑~~~之后的影评小沙龙，可能在座的就我和大雁不是文科出身，他们都有点愤青文艺细胞，说起来几乎都是，"我觉得这电影不怎么样"……以至于项斯薇后来需要大家举手来看看有谁喜欢这部电影的……大雁喜欢3D，很明显的爱恨分明，如此碰场、积极发言的"读者"（她是举手的，不需要编辑点名的囧），是该再请她往看话剧了。

The thesis contains five chapters. The first chapter summarizes the development and research of switched reluctance drive, discusses the main research direction, and explains the main work in this paper. In chapter 2, hardware system which includes the design of power converter and various control circuit is discussed. TMS320LF2407 DSP is used to design the hardware circuits of SRM control system, and design details including the current detection, position sensing, fault protection, speed detecting, keyboard and display etc. are provided. Because of the full use of the abundant peripheral resources of DSP, it comes to the aim simplifying the circuit structure and heightening the reliability. In chapter 3, the application of neural network on SRM control system is introduced, a new the application of neural network and the method of sampling is proposed and a simulation system based on Matlab/Simulink is established. Chapter 4 discusses the routine designing issue. Because the modularized programming method is adopted, and multi-interrupt processing technique is used, operation efficiency of the control software is highly raised. At last, the foregoing SRM control system is tested. Speed adjustment is realized, and other targets on the research and design of SRM control system are reached, which establishes a good foundation for further research.

本文共分五章，第一章概述了开关磁阻电机调速系统(Switched Reluctance Drive，简称SRD)及其发展和研究现状，论述了其主要研究方向，并说明了本文的主要工作；接下来的一章主要讨论了SRM的硬件系统，主要包括功率变换器的设计和各种控制电路的设计，本文以TMS320LF2407为核心设计了开关磁阻电机控制系统硬件电路，给出了包括电流检测、位置检测、故障保护、测速电路及键盘和显示电路等部分电路的详细设计，充分利用了DSP的丰富外设资源，达到了简化电路结构、提高运行可靠性的目的；第三章介绍了人工神经网络在开关磁阻电机控制系统中的应用，提出了一种新的应用方式(利用GPFN神经网络调节PI参数)以及如何采取样本，搭建了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真系统；在第四章中，讨论了开关磁阻电机控制软件的设计，采用模块化编程方法，采用基于多中断的控制程序，提高了控制软件的效率；最后，对所设计的开关磁阻电机控制系统进行了实验，实现了电机调速，达到了开关磁阻电机控制系统研究和设计的预期目标，为更近一步研究打下了基础。

Often the phishing messages contained a simple ruse to trick unskilled computer users and relied heavily upon the victim's innate sense of trust in "automated" system functions or figures of authority. As demonstrated in the previous example, this could be a story about a broken hardware device or the failure of a database, and most normal system users would take at face value any reasonably official-looking or highly urgent technical request that appeared to offer them assistance. Users were usually prompted to enter sensitive information quickly to avoid a serious problem, for example via the phrase and re-state your password.

这些钓鱼的信件通常包含一个简单的诡计从而哄骗一些"菜鸟"用户，这些欺骗手段很大程度依赖于受害者对"自动化的"系统功能或权威机构的轮廓的先天性信任，前面的例子中给出一个硬件设备故障或数据库毁坏的情节，大部分的普通用户将会重视任何看起来正式的、或看起来向是为他们提供帮助的紧急的技术上的要求，用户通常会被催促尽快输入其敏感信息从而避免严重后果，如"…重新输入你的口令，如未及时输入则将导致直接删除账号"。

Directing at the data distortion caused by the fault of sensors, and considering the factors influencing the measurement of certain exhaust gas in an animal barn such as temporal, spatial and environmental parameters, neural network is introduced to data fusion so as to figure out the missed data due to the faults of this sensor measuring the value of this exhaust gas. By this method, total emission of nocuous gases from the barn is measured accurately, and the emission of exhaust gases beyond normal standard was controlled.

针对因传感器故障而失真的数据，综合考虑对畜禽场排放的某一废气测量值的时间、空间和环境等多种影响因素，使用基于神经网络的数据融合方法来估算该废气的浓度，实现失真数据的恢复，从而精确地测量出养殖场连续排放的有害气体的总量，对超标排放进行监控。

The assembly of journal and plain bearing liner space is too little, force of organic still oil pressure is small it is the crucial index that affects lubricant result, make lubricate because of lacking engine oil between crankshaft and plain bearing liner and bite dead invalidation, include to be pulled badly, lack lube, layer of alloy of dry attrition generation is fused, grind sliding surface to did not maintain the oily film of certain ply, and all sorts of local overload exhaustion are destroyed, cavitation erosion and V form are destroyed etc, through technology of him director diesel locomotive old experience reachs the analysis of pair of its breakdown reasons, put forward precautionary measures especially. As a result of,the burns caustic mechanism plain bearing liner to burn caustic mechanism of 1 plain bearing liner is the lube film burst between journal and plain bearing liner, cause plain bearing liner and crankshaft generation clash, below high temperature, high pressure and high rotate speed, the wear-resisting alloy layer of plain bearing liner wears away prematurely or fuse, cause plain bearing liner and crankshaft to stick thereby bite, can make the steel back of plain bearing liner and Kong Zhong produces whirligig, inlet port is jammed, carry on the back by steel again with the friction of aperture causes high temperature to make plain bearing liner burned-out further, can cause bolt to break off, happen swing a malign accident that pounds cylinder body of bad internal-combustion engine.

轴颈和轴瓦的装配间隙太小，还有机油压力低是影响润滑效果的关键指标，使得曲轴和轴瓦之间因缺少机油润滑而咬死失效，包括严重拉伤，缺少润滑油，干摩擦产生合金层熔化，磨滑面没有保持一定厚度的油膜，以及各种局部过载疲惫破坏，气蚀和V形破坏等，通过本人主管内燃机车技术多年经验及对其故障原因的分析，特提出预防办法。1轴瓦的烧损机理轴瓦烧损的机理是由于轴颈和轴瓦之间的润滑油膜破裂，导致轴瓦和曲轴产生摩擦，在高温、高压和高转速下，轴瓦的耐磨合金层过早地磨损或熔化，从而引起轴瓦和曲轴粘咬，会使轴瓦的钢背和座孔中产生旋转运动，进油孔被堵塞，再由钢背和座孔的磨擦进一步引起高温使轴瓦烧坏，并会造成螺栓折断，发生甩出捣坏内燃机缸体的恶性事故。

The mathematical models for overall breaking process of circuit breaker are developed, through which the driving mechanism and the arc chamber, the interruption performance and the opening velocity are closely connected, the breaking process under different interrupting conditions are simulated, then the arcing time difference is determined. The interrupting conditions include line charge current, breaker terminal fault current and short line fault current .

本文建立了一种把操动机构与灭弧室相联系、开断性能与运动特性相联系、一维和二维模型相结合的压气式SF6断路器开断性能的仿真方法，对不同开断条件下（包括线路充电电流开断、不同试验方式的端子短路开断、不同试验循环的近区故障）断路器的开断过程进行了分析，用仿真的方法确定了断路器在不同开断条件下能成功开断的燃弧时差，并给出了开断性能与运动特性之间的关系。

Gigabit Network Traffic Monitor mainly in the two areas has good prospects for application: firstly, through the analysis of the network traffic, it helps network manager to find network soft-fault. secondly, via analyzing traffic and direction of network service to portray network flow distribution and the situation of flow to / from different region.

千兆网络流量监测仪主要在两个方面具有较好的应用前景：一是通过网络流量分析的方法帮助网管人员有效定位网络软故障；二是通过监测分析网络业务的流量流向，刻画网络中业务流量的分布，各地区流量入/出的状况。

A study was performed of the randomness of external loads on high arch dams,including flood,earthquake,landslide of mountains,etc.,the weakening of concrete strength of arch dams and rock strength of dam foundation,and the fuzziness of evaluation criterion.The disadvantages of conventional deterministic assessment methods for the safety of arch dams based on the strength theory and stability theory were analyzed respectively.It is suggested that fuzzy mathematics theory should be introduced to safety evalua...

研究高拱坝洪水、地震、山体滑坡等外载荷，坝身混凝土、坝基岩石材料强度弱化等的随机性，以及评价准则的模糊性；分析了高拱坝分别基于强度理论和稳定理论确定性评价方法的不足，提出应该利用模糊数学方法解决具有随机性、模糊性的高拱坝安全评价问题；建立了基于结构可靠度理论的高拱坝失效概率故障树模型并给出了具体算例。

Aformula which describes the transient process from beginning traveling waveto steadytraveling wave was deduced and the concept of initial traveling wave stagefirst was defined and its duration was given. It leads to a conclusion that reflectionfactor is a time dependent function, and variation range and reflection factor atdifferent stage were presented .Based on unified traveling wave theory andtransmission line model of reflective terminal with energy storage element , powerpolarity of initial traveling wave was analysed with both physical and mathematicalmethod.

通过理论推导得出从初始行波到稳态行波过渡过程的数学公式，统一了不同阶段的故障分量信号；定义了初始行波的概念，并指出了其持续时间的影响因素，针对末端含有储能元件系统，从物理和数学两方面剖析了初始行波的功率极性；通过分析提出反射系数是时变函数，给出了在不同暂态阶段行波反射系数的变化范围。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。