出庭

Some systematic factors, such as written testimony confirmation, big judicature and whole-proceeding liability of perjury, urge judges to be averse from witness presence in court, and the system of police as witness in court has no support of cultural tradition of suspicion to power and individual enthusiasm.

我国目前呼唤"证人出庭"是一个叶公好龙式的伪命题，无论是法官、控辩双方、被害人，还是警察等都没有做好证人出庭的准备。其中书面证言确认制度、"大司法机关"体制、证人全程伪证责任等因素促生法官不情愿证人出庭的心理，而警察出庭作证制度缺乏"怀疑权力"的文化传统和个人积极性。

On his refusal to appear in person or by his attorney, he was pronounced contumacious.

由于他拒绝亲自出庭或派他的律师出庭，被宣布为抗传。

Investigators in the court means the investigators who are in charge of cases enter testimony as the prosecuting witness from their real experiences for judger and jurors,to accept inquiring on court and interrogating.

在国外，侦查人员出庭作证，支持检察官的公诉活动早已不是新鲜事物，相反，他们认为侦查员作为证人出庭作证是对其工作效率最终的和最严峻的考验。

To eliminate the phenomenon, we should draw up the rules about it, eliminate testimony out of law, and provide the penalty step to the witness who refuses to testify in the court. Of course, we also should protect the witness and restrict arbitrariness of the judger to the witness.

要消除这种状况，须从制度上规定证人出庭规则，排除不合法的庭外言词证言，规定证人不出庭的惩罚措施及证人保护规则，限制法官对证人出庭的独断权。

Considering that the nonappearance and perjury to be a violation of law, it shall also establish an system of imperative appearance and punishing perjury to compel the witness to appear and testify according to the facts.

首先，要建立起强制证人出庭作证伟幢和伪证惩戒制度，证人无正当理由不出庭及作伪证，是不履行法律规定的义务，是违法的表现，理应承担一定的法律后果，国家应当动用强制力，采取一定的强制措施，强制证人履行出庭作证、如实作证的义务

Appear for/on behalf of sb.

出庭；出庭作。。。的律师

However, on account of these facts that the defects in the legislation of civil procedural law; the negligence of witness appearing in court in judicial practice and little research on the system of witnesses in theory, the phenomenon that witnesses who refuse to give evidence or perjure or refuse

但长期以来，由于我国民事诉讼立法的疏漏、司法实践对证人出庭作证缺乏足够的重视以及理论上对证人制度鲜有深入探讨等原因，导致证人拒不作证、拒不出庭、作伪证以及证言反复等现象普遍存在，成为制约我国司法改革进一步深入的一大瓶颈。

The considerations which bear upon the permissibility of testimony by a juror in the trial in which he is sitting as juror bear an obvious similarity to those evoked when the judge is called as a witness.

如果某个陪审员在其参与的审理中出庭作证，则对这种证言的可采性进行考虑，同传唤法官出庭作证所引起的考虑显然相似。

If a witness refuses to participate, the Clerk can help subpoena him or her.

如果证人拒绝出庭，书记官可以传唤他或她出庭。

This paper will explain the reasons that stop the foundation of the system in China in theory,litigation,system and ideas,promote the conception of foundation of the system in China,the author wish the paper will be helpful to found the system in which the police appear in court as witness.

本文将从理论、立法、制度及观念等方面深层次剖析阻碍中国建立警察出庭作证制度的原因，并初步提出中国建立警察出庭作证制度的构想，以期对我国警察出庭作证制度的构建有所裨益。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。