出口贸易

China has joined the World Trade Organization, which will bringabout some favorable conditions for textile exports. Because therise of international trade protectionism and the fierceinternational competition. More and more trade barriers areappearing, which result in a series of trade friction. It becomes amajor obstacle to China's textile and apparel exports.

我国已经加入世界贸易组织，这对于纺织品出口会带来一些有利条件，但是受国际贸易保护主义抬头、国际竞争日趋激烈等因素的影响，各式各样的贸易壁垒越来越多，造成了一系列的贸易摩擦，已经成为阻碍我国纺织品服装出口的主要障碍。

Firstly, current situation and future trend of the world trade of green tea. were analyzed. The emphasis of this part was put on each import regions" demand character. Then, adapting the index system, the positive analysis of international competitive power concerning of the Chinese green tea was carried out. By the method of bubble chart and trade term index, China"s green tea export market distributing and export benefit were valued.

本文通过分析世界绿茶贸易的市场环境及供求现状和趋势，重点研究了世界主要绿茶消费区域的消费需求特征；对中国绿茶出口的国际竞争力进行了指标测算，并用气泡图的方法分析评价了中国绿茶的出口市场分布现状及特点；通过测算贸易条件指数的方法分析讨论了中国绿茶的出口效益和影响因素。

Thus an unfortunate side effect of China's attempts to cool its domestic economy has been an exploding trade surplus, because import growth has softened while exports have remained robust. In June, China's exports rose by 30.6%, year-on-year, while imports grew by just 15.1%, widening the monthly trade surplus to $9.7 billion. The cumulative surplus for 2005 is now nearly $40 billion, more than for the whole of last year.

所以中国对国内经济降温的企图最不幸的一个副作用就是产生一个巨大的贸易盈余，因为进口放缓，而出口依然活跃。6月份，中国出口同比增长30.6%，而进口增长仅为15.1%，月贸易盈余扩大到97亿美元。2005年贸易盈余现在累计可能达400亿美元，比去年全年还多。

Further said that, the present world trade pattern had decided occupies for a long time the trade deficit country incapably after the domestic currency (no matter it whether belongs to world currency) to revalue the exportation growth which the realization sends, on the contrary, occupies the trade surplus country to have ability for a long time the import growth and following after which sends first through the domestic currency revaluation realization sends the exportation growth.

进一步说，目前的世界贸易格局决定了长期处在贸易逆差的国家无力通过本国货币(不论其是否属于世界货币)升值实现后发的出口增长，相反，长期处在贸易顺差的国家则有能力通过本国货币升值实现先发的进口增长和随之而来的后发出口增长。

This research based on the investigations of Shanghai feed-products outporting and development styles at present, analysised the reseasons of the technical barriers to trade when Shanghai Feed-products Outporting, compared our production-management and tachnique regurations to American, European Union, Japanese, Korea et al., analysised the influence of TBT on Shanghai feed-products outporting, using the market outport numerical datas. So this thesis gave the suggestion and replaying measures of breakthrought the TBT and improving outporting competition of Shanghai feed-products throughout government, profession society and business.

以上海市饲料产品出口与发展格局调研资料为依据，深入调查研究了上海市饲料产品出口遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的原因，在生产管理及技术法规上，对我国饲料产品与美国、欧盟、日韩等国家的差别进行了比较、分析与研究，并结合出口数据统计资料，对技术性贸易壁垒给上海市饲料产品出口带来的影响进行了分析，并从政府、行业协会和企业三个层面综合提出了如何突破技术性贸易壁垒、增强上海市饲料产品出口竞争力的建议与对策。

ReplaceFont'EnDivSummary',' This research based on the investigations of Shanghai feed-products outporting and development styles at present, analysised the reseasons of the technical barriers to trade(TBT when Shanghai Feed-products Outporting, compared our production-management and tachnique regurations to American, European Union, Japanese, Korea et al., analysised the influence of TBT on Shanghai feed-products outporting, using the market outport numerical datas.

ReplaceFont'ChDivSummary'，'以上海市饲料产品出口与发展格局调研资料为依据，深入调查研究了上海市饲料产品出口遭遇技术性贸易壁垒(TBT的原因，在生产管理及技术法规上，对我国饲料产品与美国、欧盟、日韩等国家的差别进行了比较、分析与研究，并结合出口数据统计资料，对技术性贸易壁垒给上海市饲料产品出口带来的影响进行了分析，并从政府、行业协会和企业三个层面综合提出了如何突破技术性贸易壁垒、增强上海市饲料产品出口竞争力的建议与对策。

Firstly, it seeks the sources from which theories have been developed, by a summary of evolution or a road-map. Secondly, it explains the two basic forms taken by traditional theories on intra-industry trade, namely, horizontal intra-industry trade model and vertical intra-industry trade model. Both models take final products as trade objects and products of same industry are thus simultaneously exported and imported among developed nations and among developed nations and developing ones.Thirdly, it points out that the theory of vertical intra-industry trade has already been expanded in scope in the area of trade between developed countries and LDCs. It shows that the implication of vertical intra-industry trade has expanded to the importation and exportation of parts and components, intermediate products or processing products produced via various working procedures or different production links within the same industry, with MNCs as carriers. It gives the summary of the methods of measuring intra-industry trade and argues that the basic method adopted by this thesis is G-L Index. In addition, GHM and Input-output Analysis are introduced to demonstrate the expansion of vertical intra-industry trade.

首先，通过整理国际贸易理论的发展脉络，寻求产业内贸易的理论渊源；其次，阐述产业内贸易传统理论的两种基本形式，水平型产业内贸易与垂直型产业内贸易的理论模型，指出两者都以最终产品为贸易对象，实现了发达国家之间或发达国家与发展中国家之间的同一产业内产品的同时进口和出口；第三，结合全球化的特点和跨国公司在国际要素分工中的基础作用，指出发达国家与发展中国家之间的垂直型产业内贸易理论已经得到拓展，表明垂直型产业内贸易涵义已发展成为以跨国公司为载体的同一产业内不同生产工序或不同生产环节的零部件、中间产品或加工产品的进口和出口；最后，归纳了产业内贸易的计量方法，指出本文的产业内贸易基本计量方法是G-L指数(格鲁贝尔-洛伊德计量法)，并在此基础上进一步说明与垂直型产业内贸易的拓展相关的计量方法包括：GHM计量法和Hummels投入-产出分析法。

Then the author analyzes empirically China's terms of trade from 1981,and the causes of the change in the net barter terms of trade by means of regression analysis ,which can be quantitied.we get the results that China's net barter terms of trade had a declining trend while its income terms and factorial terms of trade had been improved,and the net barter terms of trade positively correlates with actual tariff rate,exchange rate and negatively correlates with GDP,besides,the factors which can not be quantitied such as pure price fighting,inappropiate tariff sytem,foreign-invested enterprises's tranfer pricing and region trade agreement also lead to the above trend of China's net barter terms of trade,and the change in China's net barter terms of trade had a neglect impact on international trade benefit.

得出中国价格贸易条件总体上存在下降趋势，收入、要素条件呈现改善的趋势；实际关税率、汇率与价格贸易条件存在正相关关系，GDP指数与其负相关。出口企业恶性价格竞争、不合理的关税体制、外资企业的转移定价、区域贸易集团是造成中国价格贸易条件下降的非量化因素。此外，本文分析了1981-2004年价格贸易条件变动导致的中国国际贸易利益变化，发现价格贸易条件变动对中国国际贸易利益产生了一定的负面影响。最后，本文在分析中国价格贸易条件变动环境的基础上，认为中国工业化阶段不高、贸易限制性政策实施空间的减小、&合成谬误&现象及知识经济时代的到来会在一定时期内对价格贸易条件变动不利。

The main content is as follows:On the basis of the analysis on the development of international trade and foreign-orientate economy under the WTO rules, it goes further into the development regularity of the agricultural products exportation and foreign-orientate agriculture. It has a systematic and unique analysis on the development mode of foreign-orientate agriculture and agricultural products exportation , basic feature of the agricultural international trade and the relation between agricultural products exportation and agriculture industrialization. It builds the development structure system of the agricultural products exportation under WTO rues.

主要内容如下：在概述WTO规则下国际贸易、外向型经济发展的一般规律的基础上，对农产品出口和外向型农业的发展规律进行了探讨，对外向型农业和农产品出口国际化发展模式、农产品国际贸易的基本特征以及农产品出口与农业产业化之间的相互关系进行了系统而独到的阐述，创建了WTO规则下农产品出口的发展构架体系。

Export transactions based on the contract of sale usually embody such trade terms as the F.O.

基于销售合同所做的出口贸易通常含有 F.O.B， C.I。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。